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Class 1


  1. 常识类
    1. CMOS-扇区-Linux内核(kernel-mem,file sys,hardware,program
    2. Bit gash是终端模拟器 并不是真正的
    3. Bash 是一个程序,全称是 GNU/ bourne again shell,除了bash之外,还有Bourne shell( sh), Korn shell, C sheel(包括csh and tcsh)
    4. Shell 也叫命令行界面,是*nix操作系统下用户和计算机的交互界面,Shell这个词是指操作系统中提供访问内核服务的程序
    5. Linux也称为*nix,以“/ “为根的阶层式的树状文件结构
    6. bash自动补全,文件或是命令都是可以自动补全的
    7. 根目录就是Linux一切    linux是典型多用户系统
    8. 最常见错误:发现文件丢失,命令失效       首先检查库是否存在(liblib64是否存在
    9. Read write excute 分别对应着 4,2,1权限
    10. 1号角色 owner   2号角色 group     3号角色 others      others不包括管理员)基本命令
    11. Linux包括 kernel GNU/…  这种叫做linux from scratch(告诉你如何搭建一个linux,安卓修改了kernel使其在kernel上运行
    12. linux下一切功能皆软件,高度可定制化,一切皆文件
  2. 文件夹意义
    1. /bin = BINaries     binary负责二进制文件,Linux下任何二进制文件都能被直接执行(执行执行执行),没有执行权限,你是无法进去的
    2. /sbin = super bin   管理类的命令,通常只有管理员才能使用
    3. /dev = DEVices     设备都在里面
    4. /etc = ETCetera    Configuration 放置配置文件,不能保存在其他地方
      1. /etc/sysconfig,服务额外配置文件,及网络设备相关配置文件
      2.  /etc/init.d 服务管理脚本
    5. /lib = LIBrary   /lib64,两者都是库文件
    6. /proc = PROCesses
    7. /sbin = Superuser BINaries
    8. /tmp = TeMPorary   存放临时文件的目录
    9. /usr = Unix Shared Resources ( user software resource )   类似于windowsprogram file系统日常管理软件的安装路径
      1.  /usr/include  头文件存放位置
      2. /usr/local    安装第三方软件的路径
      3. /usr/local/bin 
    10. /var = VARiable     存储数据,以及变量文件目录,涉及到数据存储和转移,脚本,崩溃报告
      1. /var/log    日志文件
      2.  /var/run    pid文件
      3.  /var/mail   用户邮件的存放位置
      4. /var/tmp
    11. /boot=boot partution     引导文件,系统启动,kernelbootloader(grub),引导文件,系统启动,kernelbootloader(grub)
    12. /home    保存用户文件
    13. /lost+found    系统意外关机 未保存的文件
    14. /media    挂载便携性设备
    15. /mnt    挂载点
    16. /misc   杂项
    17. /opt=option   有些第三方软件,把此目录当作默认安装位置
    18. /proc   内存中的内核相关信息的映射
    19. /sys,像磁盘这样的存储设备或某些总线设备的驱动程序相关属性信息
    20. /srv=service     服务运行中中间的存放位置
    21. /run 发行版本信息
  3. 发行信息
      • 第一个linux发行版 backtrack
      • 第一个Linux发行版backtrack是助攻信息安全,通行工程
      • UBUNTU
        • Cent OS(community federal  …. OS) 很稳定
        • Fedora
        • Archlinux
        • RHELRed Hat Enterprise Linux 商业上最成功的一个    
        • linux from scratch描述了从源代码编译Linux系统的方法
        •   Apache软件基金会是专门为支持开源软件项目而办的一个非营利性组织



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