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利用Rhino+GH+AI的数据可视化表现

原文来自韩世麟博客，表示感谢，感谢作者可可

使用软件：Rhinoceros, Grasshopper, Illustrator
编者按：可可这次又带来神级教程，可以说完美的解决了一大类图解的绘制思路问题。我经常被问到类似文中的数据可视化图解“是怎么画的”这类问题，无奈对于数据处理方面，我知之甚少。相信今天的这一篇文章能够为大家解惑。
作者简介
张可天
张可天是2015年毕业于天津大学的建筑学硕士。目前就职于天津市设计院。他专长建筑方案设计及表现，基本功扎实，而且他也一直乐于分享他总结到的技巧，曾经在人人网上接连发表过多篇图文教程：《可可这样画》系列。同时他也是专筑网《SketchUp极速出图八讲》的主讲人。

这是一篇我在知乎的回答（点击这里查看张可天的知乎答案），题主提出的参考原图如下，希望能够得知这张图的画法。
我尝试用Rhino+Grasshopper画图并导入AI修饰，步骤如下：
1.取得数据
样例中的图应该是有数据来源的，可能是作者调研或文献摘录的。我并没有这些数据，所以我把原图中的数据大概加估计地逆向回来。数据的存在形式有很多种，我使用了比较常见的一种，将数据放在一张EXCEL表格的两个SHEET中，如下图。

Sheet1是一张映射关系图，是样例图中从右上方到左下方的那些个映射曲线数据。excel中，横轴是“人口分布(Population Distribution)”中的各类人，纵轴是“元素时间表(Element Timeline)”中的那些“元素(Element)”，“0”代表着没有映射关系，“1”代表著有映射关系。

Sheet2是一张时间数据图，是样例图中右下的那张大表格的数据。excel中，横轴是样例图的“时间点”，纵轴是“元素(Element)”，其中的数据根据原图中的意思，应该是某个“元素(Element)”在“工作日/休息日（Workday/Weekend）”时，特定的“时间点”上所接待或容纳的人数。我并没有看出来样例图中该数据的单位，所以我臆测了一下。我以垂直方向一格代表“10人”为单位，读取了这些数据，得到上表。
2.导入Rhino
我使用Grasshopper中的Bumble Bee将Excel数据导进来，这个插件是我能够找到的导入Excel表格效率最高的一个插件了，并且好处是他可以导入一个文件中的不同的SHEET，非常方便。下图中的Panel中，你可以看到，Excel数据被完整的导入进来了~
3.建立第一部分——映射曲线
先不要急着建立曲线，我们需要先知道这些曲线画在哪里。我先在Rhino的顶视图（Top View）中，模拟样例图中的位置，建立了各个曲线的起点和终点位置，并将它们拾取到GH中。务必注意拾取的顺序，防止出错。如下图：
之后我用了一些数据变换来让映射数据转换为点和点的对应数据，并把它们用Besier Span运算器连接起来。特别需要注意的是，使用大小相同的X向量作为Besier Span运算器中各映射点间的连接线的切向向量容易造成曲线区分度太低，所以使用了下图中橘色虚线部分的做法，按照连接线两侧映射点的高低位置不同，赋予不同的X向量大小，增加了曲线的区分度。（我发现原图应该是手动绘制的，即使按照我这样区分依然很难辨识曲线关系。。。水平有限请谅解）
结果是这样的：（-_-!!!）
4.建立第二部分——时间表
下面我处理了时间表数据，我首先将下图中橘色虚线框中的点沿X轴复制，得到了每行24个用于对应时间数据的点。然后我把Excel导入的数据做了一系列的数据变换先将数据分好组，然后将他们的值依次赋给上述相应位置上的点的Y坐标值，这些点就有高低变化了。需要特别注意的，我反复观察了样例图，发现原图为了让时间表中的曲线看起来不会太细，时间表数据中没有“0”这么小的数据（防止时间表中的线过细），因此我将最小的数据控制在0.5。这些点的结果如下图：
接下来我把他们连了起来，我尝试了几种连接方法，最后选择Blend Curve运算器，这样绘出的曲线，数据比较准确，图形连接也比较平滑。如下图：
5.建立第三部分——元素工作日/休息日图例
这一部分相对容易了，点的位置我已经画好了，只需要用合适的运算器将他们分好组连接起来就可以了~~
6.烘焙曲线并导出到AI中
把曲线分好组烘焙出来，我还顺手画上了时间表的网格，省着到AI里画了~
我是在rhino里分别导出成ai文件，然后到ai里粘贴到一个文件的~~就酱~
然后先把时间表的网格改一改
我先把周围这些零碎东西画上了，一个是可以把构图确定下来，二一个可以把画好的图例元素当做图形样式直接应用到其他曲线上，提高效率。如下图：
剩下的就是慢慢画，调整线型、填充、透明度等等步骤了。良好的图层、组、图形样式、色板的设置会帮你提高不少绘图效率的~最后，我调整了一下构图以及左下部分曲线的构型，让他们不会过粗或者过细。
人物图标懒得搞了，最终效果就酱：

跟原图比还是有很多不足的，需要慢慢调整修正~~希望能帮到大家。
源文件贴上来，点击这里下载 密码：vsts
张可天
2015.12.08
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