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91%犀牛人都不知道的高效率建模方法

原文地址 91%犀牛人不知道的建模技巧


习惯了su的建模思路,用rhino做方方正正的建筑如何提高效率?
(原问题链接https://www.zhihu.com/question/35303800#draft)



91%犀牛人都不知道的高效率建模方法(三)
KD、Holt

首先呢,继续安利一下咱们的群
前两期我们说完了rhino的选项设置,图层操作习惯,rhino的材质设置,rhino和cad的协同,rhino自身的协同,以及rhino的剖面绘制,基本上是把除建模以外的前期准备工作都过了一遍,那么这期我们将正式进入实打实的建模相关的部分,不过需要注明的是,有些地方rhino确实没有su快,我们能做的就是尽可能的提高大家的效率,相信我,su能带给你的只有快速推拉方盒子,而rhino可以让你无所不能~~可能中国人懒惯了,用惯了su的那么几个命令看到rhino成百上千的命令会不由得倒吸一口冷气然后默默的转身离开,其实你学习rhino为你省下的时间比你在su中浪费的时间要多得多得多。

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实体工具
——————————

关于rhino建方盒子,先放结论,核心命令都在实体工具栏,核心思想就是组合,布尔你别指望rhino像su一样啪画一笔面就自动分割了,也别指望随便选中物体的哪个面就可以挤出了,也别指望成个组件之后就可以直接墙体开洞了,rhino是rhino,既然你选择了它,就得按照它的规矩来,也得容忍他在这方面的不足,况且要是这方面都秒了su,那咱们使用su的理由就真的只有显示模式好看了。

言归正传,首先我们都知道建筑模型当中,尤其是规则建筑,重复构建是非常多的,比如梁,柱墙,门窗等等,在这方面,其实rhino是有优势的,毕竟有gh在,大批量的操作做起来就异常简单了,先来看命令吧,rhino在方盒子的建模上常用的命令基本就是下面这些了。

其实这些命令的介绍我们在rhino小教室里提过,这里我们就单独结合实例再来摆活一遍吧。先说墙体吧.
一般我们墙体建模也就三种情况,一种是我们有画好的天正双线墙体。


这种情况是最好办的了,直接挤出就哦了。


难就难在这双线很多时候得我们自己去描一遍,因为很多时候我们的cad是酱紫各种物件混杂在一起的,平面上有墙有柱有门,墙线被不断断开肯定是不利于我们描线的。


所以咱的建议是如果你是这样的天正图准备导入rhino建模的话,建议分批导,反正天正的门窗柱删起来也快得很,如下图。


但是由于cad的绘图问题,还是会出现很多重线,断线,不闭合等等,其处理方式参照上一期的cad结合rhino专题,这里不做赘述,无非就是曲线衔接,extend链接,曲线布尔。

另外一种情况就是我这种基本不用cad的,这种情况下我个人的习惯是rhino当中单线,绘制,revit中去深化,所以在我们只有单线的情况下咋整咧。rhino有个专门的命令干这活的,也算是rhino专门为建筑设计的一个命令——以多重直线挤出厚片

不过这个命令线不能相交不然会报错,总的来说还是挺好用的,其实就是个偏移连接收尾点再挤出的组合命令。一相交就抓瞎了,也不能是多线,只能是单一的多重曲线。所以如果你的单线平面不是那么复杂的话直接自己gh编一个就哦了,消除个共面就哦了。


第三种:额········是的,VisualArq这款插件

别说墙了,门窗都给你整了,平立剖也一块整了,然而我不喜欢,一来和revit比起来功能差太多,而来稳定性也欠佳,有时候还很卡,比如做扶手的时候,自带类型也很少,做楼梯是很方便,但是你只有这一种楼梯外加一个旋转楼梯是要闹哪样,我不要平台那一节台阶好不好·······不过最新版本应该已经改了,而且还加入了幕墙功能。愿意吃土的可以买一个看看,最好是公司报销~~~


当然如果你用的是最新正版的话会好很多,如果你真的是做非常非常规整的建筑的话,可以试试这个插件,毕竟也是bim插件,这里好像有小伙伴有误解,rhino是参数化软件,但是基本没什么bim属性,bim叫建筑信息模型,rhino建模有信息,但是没有建筑信息,所以rhino不是bim软件。而arq是bim软件的好处是可以通过arq无损导出导入其他bim软件,借用ifc或者fbx格式。

ok,墙体很好整,wait,我们的墙体怎么可能就是这么简单的直上直下的呢?开洞呢?造型呢?不急,我们慢慢说。先看看我们的目标:

好吧好像还有蛮多要改的,一步一步来比如这俩楼梯咋办?切!咋切?线切割呀


不过需要注意的是虽然名字叫线切割,但是其实这个命令的本职是布尔运算,是的,就是用你挤出的物体去布尔差集目标物体。


ok,但是那些洞洞怎么办?线切割很好用,但是一次只能用一根线啊,不能批量么?好不智能啊······

当然不是,还是那句话,你绝的rhino不方便的时候,十有八九是不知道对应的命令。用这个建立洞就可以批量开洞了,那么那些门窗洞口各位相信也就知道怎么办了。



然而这时候我想对模型进行修改了怎么办?比如,推一推,拉一拉?我觉得现在建的模高度不够,可是有了楼梯之后我肯定不能直接推拉是吧,这时候就是我们的这个神级命令了:移动面,注意,使用快捷键是ctrl+shift你可以选择面也可以选择线进行移动。



移动线自然也是同理~



但是综合来看的话,还是ctrl+shift+点选 比较好用,因为不但可以移动线和面,还可以缩放旋转。


ok,编辑好说,那我想加一块怎么办?可以像su那样啪!画一道线然后面就分割啦~然后就可以挤出了么~?讲道理,rhino确实有这样的功能,首先,切换工作平面,然后绘制一个我们用来切割表面的曲线。

需要注意的是,工作平面的还原不能采用ctrl z,而得用专门的命令。



然后,对表面进行分割再挤出就哦了



但是,有没有发现,好像大家陷入了一个思维误区,谁说挤出就一定要分割面呢?
有人会说不分割挤出不是一个整体呀,那我们再来想想,我们真的需要他是一个整体么?
很多时候,是一个整体反而不大好修改。如果最后非要组合成一个整体,一个布尔也就够了。

打个比方,我们要做这个楼板,直接画个box给他堵上就哦了。

什么,这不坑爹么?我知道,大家肯定觉得看不顺眼,尤其是看不顺眼共面却还有线,其实要消除这个共面的线很简单。先布尔,再消除共面(右键):





所以以此类推,需要加建的部分就不断地建模,合并,去共面就行了,完全没必要分割面。根据需要不停的修改工作平面也会大大的提高效率,剩下的自然也就不难了。

除此之外,实体工具中的打开控制点也很好用。

注意,实体的控制点是无法用下面这个命令打开的:


打开之后的事情相信大家也就知道了,按照自己需要去调整吧


再来举个例子,按照上面说的方法我们可以瞬间批量开洞,什么,你说线怎么画?骚年去学su吧,rhino太难了不适合你:


来简单的做一个窗户成个块:



阵列下就哦了(不好意思为了不让图太长我给转了九十度,表在这些细节):


双击进入图块进行修改,改一个就都改了:

ok,ok,我知道一定会有小伙伴问,这个没问题,但是要是窗户尺寸改了怎么办,rhino又不能像su那样存组件可以自动开洞。
的确不可以,收工。

好吧,不是我坑大家,确实rhino没这功能,那就意味着咱们没办法了么?ok,让我们先把窗户尺寸给改了,然后来尝试着批量改洞。


那么怎么改呢?拜我们rhino的便捷编辑和选择命令所赐,我们改起来还不至于那么麻烦。

那么,加入洞口很复杂呢?完全随机的?像酱紫?

我的建议是·····别折腾了,删了重新做比你一个个改来得快。那又涉及到一个问题,怎么删洞呢?用这货么?

不错,是个办法,但是你会发现这个命令一次只能删一个,这么多洞,一个个删?怎么可能符合我们学rhino的终极奥义!效率!对的,肯定有别的方法,方法就是:

首先抽离面:

然后shift减选多余部分,只留下悬空的那些洞然后删除,直接加盖:

奏是这么简单但是这个洞不是贯穿的洞,所以比较简单,那贯穿的怎么办?有点奇技淫巧的意思,你不是洞多么,我画个大线框全都给你切了,然后再去删除洞,这时候洞就只剩下你线切割之后的大洞了,删除起来和其容易。

除此之外,实体工具里的其他命令也很好用,比如这个不等距边缘圆角:

如果你看工业设计教程的话,你就会发现很多地方的圆角处理都是这个命令做的,比如,你的手机,打印机,显示器等一切有圆角的地方都是。而虽然名字带了不等距,但我们一般都是当等距圆角来用:

但是注意,倒角的体量一定要备份一份!
但是注意,倒角的体量一定要备份一份!
但是注意,倒角的体量一定要备份一份!

重要的事情说三遍,因为一旦你倒角完毕想再去修改体量或者去修改倒角半径是非常麻烦的,非常非常麻烦,所以一定要存一份。

另外一个命令也很好用:




所以,实体工具的命令和演示就大体介绍到这里,事实上熟练运用的话速度是肯定不会慢的,重点就是不停的布尔,不停的合并,消除共面,移动边缘移动控制点,不过需要注意的是,虽然我们看起来布尔挺好用的,但是rhino的布尔其实还有待完善,经常会突发bug,比如突然布尔失败,布尔错误,这时候只好重建一下试试了,像鹿神这样的布尔直接换了个软件····好像叫magic什么来着。但是通常情况下是足够我们使用的了。

但是,你也别指望所有的模型都指望用rhino多重曲面来整出来,当然并不是怀疑rhino的建模速度,而是担心你的模型会太卡,以我的住宅规划为例,算是全建模了,然而我全开了模型之后大家发现我转动起来也没卡到毁天灭地的地步:






这就涉及到合理结合网格去建模了,如下图中所有剩余的物体都是网格:

也就是说对于我们不重要的东西尽量转化成网格去做,你可以保留线,或者保留生成方法,以防万一,但是转化成网格之后一组合就会顺畅的不要不要的,这个和3dmax的塌陷是一个道理。

——————————
选取
——————————

rhino的选取命令非常好用,非常非常好用,非常非常的强大。这在咱小教室里也单独提过



说几个常用的,首先,选取是可以撤销的。酷不酷,屌不屌,想不想学!



而且,结合ts的一个命令,是可以做到保存选择集的,随用随调取:



你可以选取过短的曲线,比如所有小与0.5m的线,这在删除导入的cad的杂线时异常有用



更别提按照是否闭合,是曲线还是多重曲线,甚至根据线型来选取。
以及根据材质和着色颜色进行选取



——————————
rh结合ai
——————————

rhino和ai的搭配欢迎回复关键词rh+ai查看z神写的教程贴
浅谈Rhino分析图的底图制作流程

——————————
gh辅助填色
——————————
对了,之前还写过一期gh辅助快速填色的,有兴趣的也可以一并看看
回复关键词:CSH09


——————————
结语
——————————

那本期就先写到这里了,等下次有空了咱们再继续~~

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Products Windows Apps That Amaze Us   https://amazing-apps.gitbook.io/windows-apps-that-amaze-us/ 令人精细的Windows App 文物出版社   https://book.douban.com/press/2456/ 这是一个宝藏出版社,出品书籍质量非常高,大开眼界 blind   https://www.teamblind.com/ 老外的匿名职场社交工具,挺有意思,看看硅谷的meme 中国科学技术大学测速网站   https://test.ustc.edu.cn/ 看着还不错,挺靠谱的 底层代码是LibreSpeed   https://github.com/librespeed/speedtest 能不能好好说话?   https://github.com/itorr/nbnhhsh 也是我的一个痛点 Tree Style Tab (aka TST)   https://github.com/piroor/treestyletab 一个超强的浏览器扩展插件,树状呈现浏览器标签 Failory Pitch Decks   https://www.failory.com/pitch-deck 超级多的融资计划投资板,Pitch Book AutoCut   https://github.com/mli/autocut 用文本编辑器剪视频 全网漫游指南   https://tagly.notion.site/tagly/a333efd8c3e54e12b123acd541e8d3e6 数字时代的指引,希望他们成功 IT eBooks   https://it-ebooks.info/ IT书籍下载 ToastFish   https://github.com/Uahh/ToastFish 一个利用摸鱼时间背单词的软件。 利用Win10通知栏,出现、背单词 Ideas 沈向洋:IDEA 如何找到创新的「甜区」   https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/OlI5VUxQKU_ijWZClQCG0Q AIGC How Did Nor...