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刘苏里:我的2010年书单——2010年非虚构类图书阅读报告

来源:https://groups.google.com/g/ussoec/c/z7HmPmEac2k      感谢作者/编者


   照例,年底要来一番“总结与展望”,对象是2010、2011年学术思想文化艺术(理论)类图书出版(与阅读)情况。不同以往,今年加了“展望”一节,说不上预测,毋宁是期待。“期待”也非情绪性的,它可能还就是一种不论你喜欢不喜欢而无法避免的趋势。

 
  每一年,当我们做最后总结的时候,免不了五味杂陈。又一年过去,整一年的盼望,按顺序排在那里,一目目翻过,喜悦与惊诧,再一次尽收眼底。2010年,通常人们说的“好书”,如果说不比上年更多,至少不少。在向出版人致意的同时,大家都可松一口气,回家过个踏实年——一晃,来年已经来临。
 
  2010年之“总结”
 
  不妨先看看2010年的出版、阅读情况。2010年的出版、阅读,是建立在过往年份出版、阅读“传统”之上,有些传统继续被发扬光大,有些则持之以恒,有些从浅层浮出水面。以笔者观察,无论哪一种情况,都是社会心理脉动的曲折反映。
 
  这里重点谈谈其中两种情况。
 
  持之以恒的。最为显著的,是对历史真相的追寻和解读。它们又沿着两条线路同时并进:一是中国近、现、当代史,这类作品俯拾皆是,仅举数例:朱维铮《重读近代史》,高华《革命年代》,苏维民《杨尚昆谈新中国若干历史问题》,杨奎松《“中间地带”的革命:国际大背景下看中共成功之道》,杨天石《找寻真实的蒋介石:蒋介石日记解读Ⅱ》,陶涵《蒋经国传》,章东磐主编《国家记忆》,等等。二是个人回忆,萧默《一叶一菩提:我在敦煌十五年》,英若诚、康开丽《水流云在》,陈流求等《也同欢乐也同愁》,熊景明《家在云之南》,江平《沉浮与枯荣:八十自述》,齐邦媛《巨流河》等等,是为这类作品的代表。
 
  追寻历史真相,既出于人们的好奇,也与历史真相太容易被遮蔽有关,还有就是迈向全球化深水区,“他者”就在你眼前,自我身份认同意识的觉醒。以上所列图书,涉及前两者居多。关于后者,下节会有提及。总之,国人在经历了2008、2009的跌宕起伏后,愈发要找回自己,迷失与冲动,皆在情理之中。
 
  从浅层浮出水面的。这类出版物,也有两条清晰的浮出线路,一是以所谓“中国奇迹”和中国“和平崛起”为大背景,渐次受到注意的,不过这一主题的作品,一开年便出现了“拐点”,即嚣嚷“中国模式”声音的式微,和古典帝国论的悄然登场——后者酝酿数年,今年华丽转身。郑永年《中国模式:经验与困局》,潘维等《人民共和国六十年与中国模式》等,是前者的代表作品;后者比较多,且越来越多,亦仅举数例:戈德沃斯《非常三百年:罗马帝国衰落记》,费正清等《中国的世界秩序:传统中国的对外关系》,狄宇宙《古代中国与其强邻:东亚历史上游牧力量的兴起》,许倬云《我者与他者:中国历史上的内外分际》,魏斐德《中华帝制的衰落》,奥姆斯特德《波斯帝国史》,芬纳《统治史:古代的王权和帝国》等等。二是面对中国转型突出问题,展开学理讨论的作品,夹缝中进入读者视野,最具代表性的,是熊培云《重新发现社会》、于建嵘《抗争性政治:中国政治社会学基本问题》、蒂利《抗争政治》的出版,以及胡舒立《舒立观察:中国十年之真问题》、杨继绳《三十年河东:权力市场经济的困境》和柳红的《八0年代:中国经济学人的光荣与梦想》等作品的问世。
 
  这两股潮流,都值得特别关注。中国对自己的认知,加入世界历史进程中的自我定位,不仅关乎中国未来,也会对世界造成深远影响。让这么一个庞大人群,对自己有清醒认识,难乎其难,但绕不过去。摩罗喊《中国人站起来》,戴旭写《C形包围:内忧外患下的中国突围》;有气魄更宏大的作者,悬梁锥股,敢问《五百年来谁著史》。就连外国人也赶来凑热闹,一会儿是奈斯比特(《世界大趋势》),一会儿是马丁·雅克(《当中国统治世界》),雷默也不甘寂寞,继《北京共识》后出版了《不可思议的年代》。这些著述,指向一点,就是中国崛起的不可避免。只顾其一,不及其二。这种声音,突然地,在年中戛然而止,至少不再锣鼓喧天,与其偏狭急促不能没有关系。当然,还有另一种声音,比如周天勇问《中国向何处去》,姚中秋讲《现代中国的立国之道》,等等,等会儿我们还会说到。
 
  帝国论的悄然登场,亦非一日之寒。它们是拐着弯儿地谈论这个世界,也包括中国。人类历史常识告诉我们,帝国治理方式是常态,民族(国民)国家是非常晚近的尝试。即使当代帝国实践,未必不能涵盖国民国家,全看切入的角度。美国不是通常意义上的国民国家,人们从不同角度,得出美国是不同类型的帝国的结论。美国“帝国”理念下,不仅在一块土地上容纳了50个States,且更多的国民国家,事实上生活在“美国治下”。欧盟是另一种“帝国”类型,它还在不断扩张中,试图超越美帝国治理框架,比如,土耳其的入盟就是一个严峻考验。还会有其他跟进的帝国实践么?按照蔡美儿在《帝国兴亡录》中的说法,或许,东南亚联盟能发展出新的帝国治理模式,也未可知呢。所以,帝国治理的成败得失,恐怕还不可一概而论。但肯定没人敢说,所有帝国治理模式,都是可探讨的。毕竟人类走过了太长的帝国世纪。靠武力威慑、资源掠夺、恐怖手段统治,决不可能是新帝国时代的特征。
 
  进入20世纪最后20年,几乎所有的民族(国民)国家都在转型,中国也不例外。但中国不同于其他国家,是因为它的巨大体量——无论人口还是地域,还有它携带的历史重负。这一点,中国人自己未必认识得那么清楚,外国人就更可能云里雾里。正因为如此,中国知识人的智慧和勇气经受着前所未有的考验,因之也有了用武之地。文武之道,一破一立。破或许容易,立肯定更加迫切。于建嵘《抗争性政治》,熊培云《重新发现社会》,周其仁《中国做对了什么》,张维迎《市场的逻辑》,梁治平《转型期的社会公正》,倪乐雄《文明的转型与中国海权》等著作的出版,力图在立上下功夫,便显得更有意义。
 
  还有一类作品,它们关涉中国转型的内在价值追求,论述起来,比其他题目更难。
 
  中国民主、宪政之路的曲折及其必然性,仍继续激发知识人的勇气和研、译、编热情,因而也成为2010年出版、阅读的热点之一,代表作品有:
 
  蔡定剑《法制现代化与宪政》、《宪政讲堂》、《民主是一种现代生活》,陈端洪《制宪权与根本法》,姚中秋《现代中国的立国之道》,张佛泉《自由与权利:宪政的中国言说》,智效民编《民主还是独裁:70年前一场关于现代化的论争》,哈全安等《土耳其共和国的政治民主化进程研究》,梅特兰《英国宪政史》,邓恩《让人民自由:民主的历史》等等。
 
  与民众生活息息相关的主题,继续为知识人所关注。此类作品非常之多,仅罗列几种颇受到关注的,它们是:梁治平《转型期的社会公正:问题与前景》,刘道玉《中国高校之殇》,朱幼棣《大国医改》,王一江《民富论:关于发展与分配问题的探讨》,章武生《司法公正的路径选择:从体制到程序》等等。不用说,以上种种传统,2011年还将继续讨论,此不赘述。
 
  2011年之展望
 
  2011年,还会有哪些社会心理脉动将引起出版、阅读连锁的反应?
 
  周边关系。中国经济急速扩展,资源需求猛增与政治、社会、法治改进之间的差距,已引起全世界的共同关注,2010年中国周边关系之紧张,或预示着后续还有更多的文章。换句话说,中国与世界的关系,将迅速上升为公共话题,随之将带动出版、阅读热潮。其实,2010年出版的作品,这个话题已见端倪。《海洋史研究》(第1辑),是笔者所见第一种有关海洋史为题的连续出版物;《续夷坚志湖海新闻夷坚续志》和《中国的亚洲内陆边疆》的再版,亦非偶然;《南海问题中的大国因素:美日印俄与南海问题》、《文明的转型与中国海权》、《C形包围:内忧外患下的中国突围》、《成就与挑战:世界政治变革中的中国外交》、《中国地缘战略地位的变迁》、《如何与美国共处:冷战后中国对美方针与中美关系》等作品的出版,已然渐成风气,但还远未进入公众阅读视野。2011年,所有重要的周边关系,都将为公众所关心;与美国、欧盟关系的出版物,会大行其道;南美、中亚和非洲各资源国的概况,也势必吸引公众眼球。
 
  意识形态。近年来,意识形态方面不断有一些重新梳理和新的表述。2012年的中共十八大,是确立未来“大政方针”的重要会议。种种主张,必会趁机出笼,登场亮相。此一过程,不仅考验各路英豪的修辞能力,更考验公众的心态和法眼。
 
  身份认同。中国与世界的关系的重新认知,和公众权利的伸张,将促动两层意义上个体身份认同意识的觉醒,可以预卜,未来一年“我们是谁?”“我是谁?”的追问,也将蔚然成风。无论是近代以来的帝国,还是普通国家,本质上都是国民国家(nation-state),——它必通过国民主体建设而最终成形,而其核心要义,是国民至上,国民权利至上。2010、2011年,我们听到和将要听到变化走来的声音。出版和阅读,也将闻声起舞。
 
  全球价值。发展是人类近半个多世纪的主题,其后果越来越被人们所认识。人类检讨过往实践,在价值层面将逐渐达成共识,首当其冲的无疑是环境保护和分配正义。在中国,司法公正、表达自由将更为人们所重视。教育机会均等、医疗资源合理配置、就业机会公开公正,将是人们持续追求的基本目标。其中考验的,不仅是执政者,也包括广大国民。
 
  致敬
 
  “好书”,离不开作者和出版商。
 
  2010年,正是作者和出版商的努力,才使得我们这些读者能够读到不比2009年少、弱的作品,作为读者,我们当向他们表达敬意。
 
  作者。高华,他与病魔缠斗,病榻上编集《革命年代》,反思不辍。金观涛,十年磨一剑,在《观念史研究》和《探索现代社会的起源》等作品中,表现了一位思想家的卓识和功力。于建嵘,他既努力于理论建构(《抗争性政治》),又不忘底层关切(《底层立场》),充分表现了知识人的情怀。杨奎松,两部著述修订再版(《“中间地带”的革命》、《失去的机会?》),不仅适逢其时,且再次显示一流史家的史识追求。蔡定剑,在其生命的最后时刻,呼吁宪政之魂,给读者留下《民主是一种现代生活》等4部作品,功勋永驻。朱维铮,在致命疾病缠身之时,写作和整理《重读近代史》,进一步发“自改革”之覆。李峰,继《西周的灭亡》,2010年又拿出力作《西周的政体》,一丝不苟,成就新经典。熊培云,《重新发现社会》,提供打扫我们门前雪的路径,显示年轻一代知识人勇于承担责任的胸怀。
 
  出版商。上海人民出版社,北京大学出版社,社科文献出版社,汉唐阳光图书公司,译林出版社,法律出版社,三辉图书公司,广西师大出版社,上海三联书店,北京三联书店,浙江大学出版社,后浪图书公司,商务印书馆,中国人大出版社,华东师大出版社,华夏出版社,中信出版社,中华书局,吉林出版集团,新星出版社,中国法制出版社……无论老牌新秀,不分公营私营,2010年为读者奉献佳作,功德无量。

来源:南方周末第1408期

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Steve Jobs introduced the iPhone on January 9, 2007.

This is a day I’ve been looking forward to for two and a half years. Link Every once in a while, a revolutionary product comes along that changes everything. And Apple has been— well, first of all, one’s very fortunate if you get to work on just one of these in your career. Apple’s been very fortunate. It’s been able to introduce a few of these into the world. In 1984, we introduced the Macintosh. It didn’t just change Apple, it changed the whole computer industry. In 2001, we introduced the first iPod, and it didn’t just change the way we all listen to music, it changed the entire music industry. Well, today, we’re introducing three revolutionary products of this class. The first one is a widescreen iPod with touch controls. The second is a revolutionary mobile phone. And the third is a breakthrough internet communications device. So, three things: a widescreen iPod with touch controls; a revolutionary mobile phone; and a breakthrough internet communicat...

产品随想 | 周刊 第90期:史家之绝唱,无韵之离骚

Why AI Will Save the World   https://a16z.com/2023/06/06/ai-will-save-the-world/ Marc Andreessen的雄文,十分有說服力,邏輯清晰 辯證了現今AI監管拋出的5個可能的AI問題 讀的過程中,腦海裏浮現的都是編程隨想那篇文章 为什么马克思是错的?——全面批判马列主义的知名著作导读   https://program-think.blogspot.com/2018/09/Book-Review-The-Errors-of-Marxism-Leninism.html 兩者的思維鏈條、敘事方式,非常相似 人民聖殿教   https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/人民圣殿教?useskin=vector 瓊斯自稱是神的化身,幾千年前轉世為釋迦牟尼,創建了佛教;後來又轉世為耶穌基督,創建了基督教;之後短期化身轉世為巴孛,建立巴哈伊信仰;最後轉世為列寧,將社會主義發揚光大。 邪教徒聲稱自己轉世成了列寧,這說明了什麼? Apple Vision   https://stratechery.com/2023/apple-vision Omnivore   https://github.com/omnivore-app/omnivore Omnivore is a complete, open source read-it-later solution for people who like reading. How the YouTube Algorithm Works in 2023: The Complete Guide   https://blog.hootsuite.com/how-the-youtube-algorithm-works/#A_brief_history_of_the_YouTube_algorithm 外人眼中的YouTube推薦算法變遷 Histography   https://histography.io/ “Histography" is interactive timeline that spans across 14 billion years of history, f...

巴菲特致股东信-1974年

 笔记: 价格战企业的逻辑:需要降价获取销量--->需要降低成本--->怎么降?扩大规模以摊低成本--->提高固定资产投入--->净资产回报率会降低 翻译: 雪球:https://xueqiu.com/6217262310/131257947 备份:https://archive.ph/5CEP6 原文: To the Stockholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.: Operating results for 1974 overall were unsatisfactory due to the poor performance of our insurance business. In last year's annual report some decline in profitability was predicted but the extent of this decline, which accelerated during the year, was a surprise. Operating earnings for 1974 were $8,383,576, or $8.56 per share, for a return on beginning shareholders' equity of 10.3%. This is the lowest return on equity realized since 1970. Our textile division and our bank both performed very well, turning in improved results against the already good figures of 1973. However, insurance underwriting, which has been mentioned in the last several annual reports as running at levels of unsustainable profitability, turned dramatically worse...

Interview with Steve Jobs, WGBH, 1990

Interviewer: what is it about this machine? Why is this machine so interesting? Why has it been so influential? Jobs: Ah ahm, I'll give you my point of view on it. I remember reading a magazine article a long time ago ah when I was ah twelve years ago maybe, in I think it was Scientific American . I'm not sure. And the article ahm proposed to measure the efficiency of locomotion for ah lots of species on planet earth to see which species was the most efficient at getting from point A to point B. Ah and they measured the kilocalories that each one expended. So ah they ranked them all and I remember that ahm...ah the Condor, Condor was the most efficient at [CLEARS THROAT] getting from point A to point B. And humankind, the crown of creation came in with a rather unimpressive showing about a third of the way down...