跳至主要内容

自己动手搭建FTP服务器

之前跟着廖廖学习的时候，觉得搭建一个ftp服务器是很简单的事情，自己动手在阿里云上搭建了一次，才发现，很多东西，概念没有理解的很清晰，将我搭建的过程记录分享给大家，也作为备忘。

操作环境

阿里云 CentOS 6.5

搭建过程

yum install vsftpd
配置/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf文件
根据配置文件，在/etc/vsftpd中新建virtual_users.db文件和user目录

碰到问题

530 login incorrect

  • 后来发现原因是pam模块错误，需要自己根据配置文件的命名新建pam模块，而新建pam模块需要根据virtual_users.txt生成virtual_users.db文件，然后在pam配置文件中制定db文件路径，才能在登录时成功，务必注意，单行是帐号，双行是密码，最后一行要有回车，否则系统无法识别原txt文件设置权限仅备忘用
  • 生成db文件需要用到db4-utils工具，默认已经安装，命令是db_load -T -t hash -f virtual_users.txt virtual_users.db
    • 专业术语是建立虚拟用户数据库，步骤是新建一个txt文档--db4-util

ftp_username无法识别

  • 原因在于没有创建一个系统账户，后来新建一个vsftpd账户并nologin设置
    • 命令 useradd -d /home/www/ -s /sbin/nologin vsftpd (新建用户，并制定目录，设置shell为nologin)

还没有解决

  • stand alone机制还不是很理解
  • vsftpd.conf配置文件allow_writeable_chroot=YES这一项不是很理解

一些新的理解

登录ftp的三种方式

  • 匿名                       默认的方式，用户名为ftp/anonymous
  • 本地用户登录         系统用户，存在于/etc/passwd中的用户
  • 虚拟用户登录         FTP专有用户，好处是只能访问ftp服务器资源，增加系统安全性，两种方式实现虚拟用户，一是本地数据文件，而是数据库服务器

SCP命令

  • scp /home/../news.txt name@ip:/etc/vsftpd    本机文件复制到远程服务器
  • scp remote@ip:/usr/local/ /home/administrator    远程服务器复制到本机

uname命令

  • -r
  • -a
  • cat /etc/redhat-release     查看CentOS

nologin-shell用户

  • 已存在用户    usermod -s /sbin/nologin name
  • 新建用户        useradd  -s /sbin/nologin newname

CentOS防火墙

  • CentOS 6之前用的是iptables机制
    • chkconfig iptables on    重启生效
    • service iptables start    即时生效，重启失效
  • CentOS 7之后默认安装firewalld
    • 命令和之前类似

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