V-Ray DMC采样器原理释疑

各采样器比较

自适应细分是一个几乎所有其他“有偏差的非物理渲染器”（注1）都在采用的算法。它是一种相对来说有点老式，但在绝大多数情形下都非常好用的算法。它会算出干净且采样细致的图像结果，在静帧渲染时的表现非常出色，但是与DMC采样器相比，自适应细分往往会在一些本可以采样再少一点的地方过多采样
DMC采样器，那么要在某些同样的地方求出同样质量的反射模糊可能就不用这么多样本，DMC是目前在求取镜头景深和三维运动模糊时最好用（时间短质量高）的光线追踪采样算法

详解“采样”，自适应采样

计算机自己判断出在有必要的时候，才增加对个别像素的采样。这就是自适应采样技术，因为采样的数目是依据图像的复杂程度而适应性变化的。那么在颜色对比比较明显的地方采样数量会增加
自适应细分和DMC采样的共同点是它们都是自适应性的采样算法，但是工作机制不同

细分采样器

细分算法的采样点是处于如图所示的像素顶角上，初始样本采集到信息以后，细分采样器会分析这些信息，然后来决定哪些像素需要更多的采样样本。每一个像素边角上的样本都被拿来比较，如果某个像素的色差大于参数面板中设定的颜色阈值（下图所示），Vray就会进一步细分这个像素，并且在这个像素上采集更多的样本
难以理解，先放着

Foobar2000 组件安装教程

原作者博客地址汉化作者 Asion博客关于foobar 2000的一些资源前言 foobar2000 由于其软件架构特点以及开放的姿态，使得第三方很容易开发组件（component）来拓展它的功能。由于在官网下载的默认安装文件只带了少量几个默认的组件，满足不了使用的需求，例如：默认不带 ape，tta，tak 等音频文件格式的解码器，很多无损压缩格式音乐没法播放。所以自己下载安装组件是必备的基本技能。 foobar2000 的中文汉化版（Asion 汉化）为了方便使用，集成了无损压缩文件解码器以及一些其它有用的插件，安装时选上即可，不喜欢折腾的建议使用汉化版。这里组件指的是 foobar2000 标准组件（*.dll 文件），而非 vst 插件等其它插件，姑且把组件分为两类：官方组件：英文版安装包自带，安装时可选择；第三方组件：非官方自带的组件除了 foo_input_std.dll 和 foo_ui_std.dll 这两个组件是必须的外，其它的所有组件都非必需的，可以随需要增删。第三方组件可以去官网、官方论坛或者官方 wiki 去找，也可以去贴吧等地逛逛。下载还是要强调一下，这里说的是 foobar2000 component ，不是中文网上通常说的 vst 插件。下载好的组件包一般是 xxx.zip 或 xxx.fb2k-component 格式的文件，也有用 7z 打包的。前两种都是 zip 压缩（只要把 fb2k-component 改成 zip 文件就变成了 zip：包）。标准状况下压缩包里的内容结构应该是 xxx.zip yyy.dll README.txt (可能没有) LICENCE.txt (可能没有) (其它杂七杂八）除少数外一般只有一个 xxx.dll 文件.一定要注意压缩包结构不能是: xxx.zip yy folder (文件夹） zzz.dll … 否则要解压缩，提取那个 dll 文件。安装方法一（推荐）打开 foobar2000 的菜单文件 > 首选项(file >preferences) 的组件(components...

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产品随想 | 周刊第69期：Do not go gentle into that good night

Products Windows Apps That Amaze Us https://amazing-apps.gitbook.io/windows-apps-that-amaze-us/ 令人精细的Windows App 文物出版社 https://book.douban.com/press/2456/ 这是一个宝藏出版社，出品书籍质量非常高，大开眼界 blind https://www.teamblind.com/ 老外的匿名职场社交工具，挺有意思，看看硅谷的meme 中国科学技术大学测速网站 https://test.ustc.edu.cn/ 看着还不错，挺靠谱的底层代码是LibreSpeed https://github.com/librespeed/speedtest 能不能好好说话？ https://github.com/itorr/nbnhhsh 也是我的一个痛点 Tree Style Tab (aka TST) https://github.com/piroor/treestyletab 一个超强的浏览器扩展插件，树状呈现浏览器标签 Failory Pitch Decks https://www.failory.com/pitch-deck 超级多的融资计划投资板，Pitch Book AutoCut https://github.com/mli/autocut 用文本编辑器剪视频全网漫游指南 https://tagly.notion.site/tagly/a333efd8c3e54e12b123acd541e8d3e6 数字时代的指引，希望他们成功 IT eBooks https://it-ebooks.info/ IT书籍下载 ToastFish https://github.com/Uahh/ToastFish 一个利用摸鱼时间背单词的软件。利用Win10通知栏，出现、背单词 Ideas 沈向洋：IDEA 如何找到创新的「甜区」 https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/OlI5VUxQKU_ijWZClQCG0Q AIGC How Did Nor...

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产品随想 | 周刊第43期：历史上的今天

Products Huberman Lab https://hubermanlab.com/ 一款聚焦于健康的播客今日热榜 https://tophub.today/ 聚合展示，国内各热门榜单，对跟进热点非常有帮助，热点运营的好帮手 SketchyBar https://github.com/FelixKratz/SketchyBar A highly customizable macOS status bar replacement Mac菜单栏定制自定义程度很高，看作者展示的案例，暂时没想出这样的好处（不过应用本身的编辑，确实也没啥意义）生命在于折腾吧！ Thanks-Mirror https://github.com/eryajf/Thanks-Mirror 整理记录各个包管理器，系统镜像，以及常用软件的好用镜像，Thanks Mirror。 Musicn https://github.com/zonemeen/musicn 一个下载高品质音乐的命令行工具，音乐来源: 咪咕 Planet Minecraft A creative Minecraft community fansite sharing maps, minecraft skins, resource packs, servers, mods, and more. 里面有很多动人的故事可能是世界上最大的Minecraft社区，从2010年至今 The Uncensored Library https://www.uncensoredlibrary.com/en blockworks https://www.blockworks.uk/ "Distinctive maps for Minecraft that have educated players and risen to the level of art" 游戏也可以让人有更高的实现，而不仅仅是沉迷其中，国外游戏厂商比我们做的好太多 Minecraft_Memory_Bypass_GUI https://github.com/xingchuanzhen/Minecraft_Memory_Bypass_GUI 绕过Minecraft...

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UNstudio实习经验分享

再过一周，我就将离开UNstudio阿姆斯特丹总部，到其上海分部了，鉴于上海分部目前还不承担设计任务，因此可以视为我UNstudio参与设计的体验即将告一段落。这个实习，原定3个月，后来被要求延长到了6个月，后来又延长到9个月，现在看来最终大概有11个月——那天一问，发现我的合同已经到了9月份了，赶紧声明不能这么长，我8月得回学校了。

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《沸腾新十年》2007-2012

2007-2009 大幕拉启早期玩iPhone的人觉得：它不支持复制粘贴、拍摄视频，也不能更改铃声、壁纸，还不能换电池、插存储卡，手机里的照片和备忘录等也没法复制到电脑中。（但它有Killing Feature是沉浸式的屏幕、上网功能）在网龙的路演过程中，网龙创始人刘德建发现，在当时极为“高大上”的投资人群中，用iPhone已经蔚然成风 ──论有钱人带领的风潮苹果早期是不支持第三方输入法的，这一问题要等到2014年iOS 8的推出才正式解决。 ──居然也封闭了整整七年对于航班管家来说，好用户就是高频乘坐飞机出行的群体。以前，这个群体在哪里、如何捕捉，都是问题。但是iPhone的出现，天然筛选出了那些消费能力强劲的群体。苹果公司和联通也在为没有好应用来推广iPhone而发愁，所以它们精选了6款应用。王江的航班管家和搜吃搜玩都得以入选，吃到了iPhone大推广时代的官方预装红利。王江认为：“其实有了智能手机，才能说有了场景。你不拿着手机亲临其境，怎么叫场景呢？触宝输入法，深合安卓早期创业的三大奥义：“高频、刚需、工具化”。参赛是一个名利双收的大好机会，能帮助免费推广产品魅族黄章对之前毫无保留地和雷军交流有些后悔：“我连M9的UI交互文档都发给过他，请他一起探讨。” 安卓早期的最大刚需之一是系统优化。 CyanogenMod因此成为当时全球最大的ROM开发和优化团队。中国早期安卓生态的很大一部分是建立在CM的基础上的。最着名的有小米的MIUI团队、创新工场的点心团队、占据国内千元机市场的乐蛙OS团队等。当时的盛大创新院群星璀璨，除了潘爱民和许式伟，还有樊一鹏“樊大师”，也有郝培强和霍炬，有极客余晟，有陆坚博士，有黄伟和吴义坚，有庄表伟，还有白宁等诸多牛人。 2012年夏天，华为的任正非在一个讲话中提到两个“备胎”计划，一个是关于芯片的，另一个就是关于操作系统的。 ──布局早在10年前 2009年，张一鸣决意离开饭否，转而去房产网站九九房，这是26岁的张一鸣从南开大学毕业后的4年里准备开启的第4段工作经历，每份工作平均也就一年多一点的时间。此时的张一鸣与大部分同龄人相比略显著急，稍显无措，全然没有日后那种长期思考的定力和耐性。 2009年12月底，王兴确定做美团。 ──原来也已经10年+ 2009年的“双11”购物节只是给淘宝商城团队找点事情的自我安慰...

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Interview at the All Things Digital D5 Conference, Steve and Bill Gates spoke with journalists Kara Swisher and Walt Mossberg onstage in May 2007.

Kara Swisher: The first question I was interested in asking is what you think each has contributed to the computer and technology industry— starting with you, Steve, for Bill, and vice versa. Steve Jobs: Well, Bill built the first software company in the industry. And I think he built the first software company before anybody really in our industry knew what a software company was, except for these guys. And that was huge. That was really huge. And the business model that they ended up pursuing turned out to be the one that worked really well for the industry. I think the biggest thing was, Bill was really focused on software before almost anybody else had a clue that it was really the software that— KS: Was important? SJ: That’s what I see. I mean, a lot of other things you could say, but that’s the high-order bit. And I think building a company’s really hard, and it requires your greatest persuasive abilities to hire the best ...

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Steve Jobs introduced the iPhone on January 9, 2007.

This is a day I’ve been looking forward to for two and a half years. Link Every once in a while, a revolutionary product comes along that changes everything. And Apple has been— well, first of all, one’s very fortunate if you get to work on just one of these in your career. Apple’s been very fortunate. It’s been able to introduce a few of these into the world. In 1984, we introduced the Macintosh. It didn’t just change Apple, it changed the whole computer industry. In 2001, we introduced the first iPod, and it didn’t just change the way we all listen to music, it changed the entire music industry. Well, today, we’re introducing three revolutionary products of this class. The first one is a widescreen iPod with touch controls. The second is a revolutionary mobile phone. And the third is a breakthrough internet communications device. So, three things: a widescreen iPod with touch controls; a revolutionary mobile phone; and a breakthrough internet communicat...

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巴菲特致股东信-1972年

笔记：经营保险的思路是重视长期，不低价特别是不合理地低价抢保单获得一笔长达20年的贷款，利率仅8% 原文： Link： https://xueqiu.com/6217262310/131103213 备份：https://archive.ph/fjGyy the Stockholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.: Operating earnings of Berkshire Hathaway during 1972 amounted to a highly satisfactory 19.8% of beginning shareholders’ equity. Significant improvement was recorded in all of our major lines of business, but the most dramatic gains were in insurance underwriting profit. Due to an unusual convergence of favorable factors—diminishing auto accident frequency, moderating accident severity, and an absence of major catastrophes—underwriting profit margins achieved a level far above averages of the past or expectations of the future. While we anticipate a modest decrease in operating earnings during 1973, it seems clear that our diversification moves of recent years have established a significantly higher base of normal earning power. Yourpresent management assumed po...

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巴菲特致股东信-1973年

笔记：在上一年度预测的今年竞争加剧导致利润下滑，真的发生了翻译Link：雪球：https://xueqiu.com/6217262310/131257618 备份：https://archive.ph/KIfdT 原文： To the Stockholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.: Our financial results for 1973 were satisfactory, with operating earnings of $11,930,592, producing a return of 17.4% on beginning stockholders' equity. Although operating earnings improved from $11.43 to $12.18 per share, earnings on equity decreased from the 19.8% of 1972. This decline occurred because the gain in earnings was not commensurate with the increase in shareholders' investment. We had forecast in last year's report that such a decline was likely. Unfortunately, our forecast proved to be correct. Our textile, banking, and most insurance operations had good years, but certain segments of the insurance business turned in poor results. Overall, our insurance business continues to be a most attractive area in which to employ capital. Management'...

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巴菲特致股东信-1975年

笔记：华盛顿邮报已成为伯克希尔第一重仓股翻译：雪球：https://xueqiu.com/6217262310/131409324 备份：https://archive.ph/4hgK3 原文： To the Stockholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.: Last year, when discussing the prospects for 1975, we stated “the outlook for 1975 is not encouraging.” This forecast proved to be distressingly accurate. Our operating earnings for 1975 were $6,713,592, or $6.85 per share, producing a return on beginning shareholders ’ equity of 7.6%. This is the lowest return on equity experienced since 1967. Furthermore, as explained later in this letter, a large segment of these earnings resulted from Federal income tax refunds which will not be available to assist performance in 1976. On balance, however, current trends indicate a somewhat brighter 1976. Operations and prospects will be discussed in greater detail below, under specific industry titles. Our expectation is that significantly better results in textiles, earnings added from recent acquisitio...

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