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高端分析图绘制方法


本期Portfolio+专栏,康石石将在不重视调研,所以你的设计“与众相同”——康石石艺术留学问答录No.47的基础之上,围绕建筑、室内、景观、城市前期调研中的区域气候条件分析进行更进一步的讲解,教会大家如何在作品集中利用参数化数据生成高大上的可视化分析图(Diagram)。

建筑设计受多方面因素的影响,除了场地的地理信息与人文信息之外,气候、日照等环境信息与数据在另一个维度上也同样影响着整个建筑设计的过程。且无论是在前期的场地调研,还是在后期建筑分析中,都会涉及对于日照,风速,湿度,辐射等分析图的绘制


以上分析图均会同学们的作品集中高频出现,而如何获取气象信息如何将信息可视化一直是同学们遇到的重点问题。下面,康石石便以芝加哥Loop区中一座商业楼的日照情况为例,通过grasshopper的插件ladybug,提取气象数据(.epw),带大家一次性解决以上问题。

Tip:Grasshopper的插件ladybug可以完成各种气象参数的分析和显示,比如温度、湿度、太阳辐射、风玫瑰图等。同时也能显示焓湿图、太阳轨迹、日照阴影、日照时间等被动式建筑中常用的分析

安装Grasshopper插件ladybug


ladybug下载地址
http://www.food4rhino.com/

安装完插件后,打开基础模型(建模攻略:独家教程 |Grasshopper ELK 数据分析底图绘制,“4步”炸飞你的小伙伴),根据场地,把不同房屋信息分类与图层。此次分析的场地为芝加哥Loop区中一座商业楼的日照时间分析图。红色区域为分析的楼房,绿色区域为周边建筑,灰色区域为周边的其他建筑。


获取气象信息


EnergyPlus是美国能源部(Department of Energy,DOE)和劳伦斯·伯克利国家实验室(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,LBNL)共同开发的一款建筑能耗模拟引擎。同学们可以用来对建筑的采暖、制冷、照明、通风以及其他能源消耗进行全面能耗模拟分析,同时能够下载全球各地的平均&实时气象数据

EnergyPlus网址
https://energyplus.net/weather(不用翻墙)

找到芝加哥地区的气象数据,下载epw文件,保存在本地文件


信息可视化(Diagram 绘制)


打开grasshopper,连接Boolean Toggle,ladybug和Panel电池。

点击BooleanToggle开关,为True值,如果如下图所示,说明ladybug可以正常使用了。

连接BooleanToggle,open epw weather file与import epw三个电池。

打开Boolean Toggle开关为true值,此时会弹出一个对话框,选择保存epw文件的路径文件。

连接output与panel,会显示置入成功的显示。之后就可以提取epw提供的一系列数据来制作我们的日照分析图了。

下面模拟芝加哥10月21日全天日照轨迹的数据进行提取。连接location数据给sun path电池的location端。定义指北方向矢量,定义月,日,全天24小时定义给month,day,hour端。最后定义日照轨迹的尺寸大小。

在输出端sunPthCrvs连接Geometry电池,得到日照轨线,sunPathCenPts,sunPositions分别连接line,之后连接loft电池,得到日照面。

即可将10月21日全天太阳轨迹通过Diagram可视化

连接Sun Path的sunVactors与Sun light hours Anlysis的Sun Vactors端

定义Brep电池到分析的建筑(红色区域),定义Brep电池到周边建筑(绿色区域),定义生成网格尺寸连接开关Boolean Toggle到runit端,在输出端SunlightHoursMesh连接Mesh电池,SunlightHoursLegend连接Geometry电池

最后,定义开关Boolean Toggle为True值,即可完成

这样,在rhino的Top视图中就可以分析指定建筑的日照时间,越深的区域为日照时间短的,越浅的区域为日照时间较长的。

另外,大家可以依据epw文件提供的气象参数,结合Ladybug的其他电池组绘制湿度计算图,辐射图,风玫瑰等可视化图表。

Psychrometric Chart(湿度计算图

Wind Boundary Profile(风速标识)

Ladybug还提供了日照辐射,阴影分析,遮阳分析等
一系列的数据分析图

Radiation Analysis(直射光分析图


以上,康石石围绕Ladybug为大家讲解了如何绘制日照分析图,今后康石石还会带着大家使用Ladybug绘制更加多种多样的Diagram。此外Honeybee,ButterflyDragonfly,Geco,DIVA,BAC等插件的使用方法,康石石也会在专栏文章和独家教程中为大家陆续带来讲解。

最后,康石石需要大家格外提起重视:以上全部是能够帮助大家申请上世界顶级建筑院校的Diagram绘制方法,至于如何理解Diagram,了解Diagram在作品集中的作用及评分标准,康石石已在《重构认知 | 从Diagram“俯视”作品集图像视觉系统》有全面深入的讲解,希望能对大家提升作品集中的图像系统有更进一步的帮助。



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