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配置与学习树莓派config.txt配置文件

配置树莓派config.txt文件

windows pc下配置

  • 将SD卡通过读卡器连接到PC。
  • 打开config.txt文件,或新建这样一个文件。
  • 配置config.txt。
    • hdmi_force_hotplug=1 强制伪装成HDMI输出
    • hdmi_drive=2 当你选择通过HDMI显示输出时,需要选择2,如果是DVI输出,则该项为1
    • hdmi_group=2 设置HDMI类型,1为CEA,2为DMT
    • hdmi_mode=16 设置屏幕分辨率,见后文
    • config_hdmi_boost=4 设置HDMI接口信号强度,抗干扰
    • sdtv_mode=2 PAL制式
    • arm_freq=800 主频
  • 将SD卡重新插回树莓派并启动。

配置说明

概述

由于树莓派没有传统的BIOS,所以它的各种配置文件被存放在一个名为config.txt的文件中。
树莓派的config.txt会在内核初始化之前被GPU读取。

文件格式

默认的,该文件中任何配置都是通过#来注释的,如果需要配置对应项,则需要将行首的#删除。

配置项

内存

      disable_I2cache     : 禁止ARM访问GPU的二级缓存,相应的需要在内核中关闭二级缓存,默认为0
      gpu_mem     : GPU内存以M为单位,设置ARM和GPU之间的内存分配。ARM会获得剩余所有内存,最小设16,默认64
      gpu_mem_256     : 对于有256MB内存的树莓派的GPU设置,会覆盖gpu_mem,最大设192,默认不设置
      gpu_mem_512     : 对于有512MB内存的树莓派的GPU设置, 会覆盖gpu_mem,最大设448,默认不设置
      disable_pvt     : 禁止每500毫秒调整一次RAM的刷新率(RAM温度测量)

CAM - 动态内存分配

      cma_lwm     : 当GPU可用内存低于cma_lwm所设值,将向ARM请求一些内存
      cma_hwm     : 当GPU可用内存高于cma_hwm所设值,将向ARM释放一些内存
要启动CMA,下边的参数要添加到cmdline.txt文件中:
  1. coherent_pool=6M smsc95xx.turbo_mode=N

视频

sdtv_mode 为复合信号输出设置视频制式(默认为0)
sdtv_mode=0 NTSC,日本和美国主要用这个
sdtv_mode=1 日本版NTSC – 无基座
sdtv_mode=2 PAL,国内和欧洲主要用这个
sdtv_mode=3 巴西版PAL – 副载波为525/60而不是625/50
sdtv_aspect 为复合信号输出设置宽高比(默认为1)
sdtv_aspect=1 4:3
sdtv_aspect=2 14:9
sdtv_aspect=3 16:9
sdtv_disable_colourburst 禁止复合信号输出彩色副载波群. 图片会显示为单色, 但是可能会更清晰
sdtv_disable_colourburst=1 禁止输出彩色副载波群
hdmi_safe 使用"安全模式"的设置去尝试用HDMI最大兼容性启动. 这和下面的组合是一个意思: hdmi_force_hotplug=1, config_hdmi_boost=4, hdmi_group=2, hdmi_mode=4, disable_overscan=0
hdmi_safe=1
hdmi_ignore_edid 如果你的显示器是天朝产的垃圾货, 允许系统忽略EDID显示数据
hdmi_ignore_edid=0xa5000080
hdmi_edid_file 当设为1时, 将会从edid.dat文件中读取EDID数据,而不是从显示器.[1]
hdmi_edid_file=1
hdmi_force_edid_audio 伪装成支持所有音频格式播放, 即便报告不支持也允许通过DTS/AC3.
hdmi_force_edid_audio=1
hdmi_force_edid_3d 伪装成全部CEA模式都支持3D, 即便EDID并不支持.
hdmi_force_edid_3d=1
avoid_edid_fuzzy_match 禁止去模糊匹配EDID中描述的模式. 即便遮蔽错误, 也选用匹配分辨率和最接近帧率的标准模式.
avoid_edid_fuzzy_match=1
hdmi_ignore_cec_init 不发送初始化激活源消息. 避免在重启时使(启用CEC)TV结束待机并切换频道.
hdmi_ignore_cec_init=1
hdmi_ignore_cec 伪装成TV不支持CEC. 将不会支持任何CEC功能.
hdmi_ignore_cec=1
hdmi_force_hotplug 伪装成HDMI热插拔信号被检测到, 出现HDMI显示器被接入
hdmi_force_hotplug=1 即便没有检测到HDMI显示器也要使用HDMI模式
hdmi_ignore_hotplug 伪装成HDMI热插拔信号没有被检测到, 出现HDMI显示器未接入
hdmi_ignore_hotplug=1 即便检测到HDMI显示器也要使用混合模式
hdmi_pixel_encoding 强制像素编码模式. 默认情况下会使用EDID请求的模式, 所以不需要修改.
hdmi_pixel_encoding=0 default (limited for CEA, full for DMT)
hdmi_pixel_encoding=1 RGB limited (16-235)
hdmi_pixel_encoding=2 RGB full ( 0-255)
hdmi_pixel_encoding=3 YCbCr limited (16-235)
hdmi_pixel_encoding=4 YCbCr limited ( 0-255)
hdmi_drive 选择HDMI还是DVI模式
hdmi_drive=1 DVI模式 (没声音)
hdmi_drive=2 HDMI模式 (如果支持并已启用将有声音输出)
hdmi_group 设置HDMI类型
不指定组, 或者设为0, 将会使用EDID报告的首选组.
hdmi_group=1 CEA
hdmi_group=2 DMT
hdmi_mode 设置在CEA或DMT格式下的屏幕分辨率
当hdmi_group=1 (CEA)时,下列值有效
hdmi_mode=1 VGA
hdmi_mode=2 480p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=3 480p 60Hz H
hdmi_mode=4 720p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=5 1080i 60Hz
hdmi_mode=6 480i 60Hz
hdmi_mode=7 480i 60Hz H
hdmi_mode=8 240p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=9 240p 60Hz H
hdmi_mode=10 480i 60Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=11 480i 60Hz 4x H
hdmi_mode=12 240p 60Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=13 240p 60Hz 4x H
hdmi_mode=14 480p 60Hz 2x
hdmi_mode=15 480p 60Hz 2x H
hdmi_mode=16 1080p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=17 576p 50Hz
hdmi_mode=18 576p 50Hz H
hdmi_mode=19 720p 50Hz
hdmi_mode=20 1080i 50Hz
hdmi_mode=21 576i 50Hz
hdmi_mode=22 576i 50Hz H
hdmi_mode=23 288p 50Hz
hdmi_mode=24 288p 50Hz H
hdmi_mode=25 576i 50Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=26 576i 50Hz 4x H
hdmi_mode=27 288p 50Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=28 288p 50Hz 4x H
hdmi_mode=29 576p 50Hz 2x
hdmi_mode=30 576p 50Hz 2x H
hdmi_mode=31 1080p 50Hz
hdmi_mode=32 1080p 24Hz
hdmi_mode=33 1080p 25Hz
hdmi_mode=34 1080p 30Hz
hdmi_mode=35 480p 60Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=36 480p 60Hz 4xH
hdmi_mode=37 576p 50Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=38 576p 50Hz 4x H
hdmi_mode=39 1080i 50Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=40 1080i 100Hz
hdmi_mode=41 720p 100Hz
hdmi_mode=42 576p 100Hz
hdmi_mode=43 576p 100Hz H
hdmi_mode=44 576i 100Hz
hdmi_mode=45 576i 100Hz H
hdmi_mode=46 1080i 120Hz
hdmi_mode=47 720p 120Hz
hdmi_mode=48 480p 120Hz
hdmi_mode=49 480p 120Hz H
hdmi_mode=50 480i 120Hz
hdmi_mode=51 480i 120Hz H
hdmi_mode=52 576p 200Hz
hdmi_mode=53 576p 200Hz H
hdmi_mode=54 576i 200Hz
hdmi_mode=55 576i 200Hz H
hdmi_mode=56 480p 240Hz
hdmi_mode=57 480p 240Hz H
hdmi_mode=58 480i 240Hz
hdmi_mode=59 480i 240Hz H
H表示16:9比例(正常是4:3).
2x表示双倍像素(即更高的像素时脉, 每个像素重复两次)
4x表示四倍像素(即更高的像素时脉, 每个像素重复四次)
当hdmi_group=2 (DMT)时,下列值有效
警告: 根据这篇帖子所述
像素时脉是有限制的, 最高支持的模式是1920x1200 @60Hz with reduced blanking.
hdmi_mode=1 640x350 85Hz
hdmi_mode=2 640x400 85Hz
hdmi_mode=3 720x400 85Hz
hdmi_mode=4 640x480 60Hz
hdmi_mode=5 640x480 72Hz
hdmi_mode=6 640x480 75Hz
hdmi_mode=7 640x480 85Hz
hdmi_mode=8 800x600 56Hz
hdmi_mode=9 800x600 60Hz
hdmi_mode=10 800x600 72Hz
hdmi_mode=11 800x600 75Hz
hdmi_mode=12 800x600 85Hz
hdmi_mode=13 800x600 120Hz
hdmi_mode=14 848x480 60Hz
hdmi_mode=15 1024x768 43Hz DO NOT USE
hdmi_mode=16 1024x768 60Hz
hdmi_mode=17 1024x768 70Hz
hdmi_mode=18 1024x768 75Hz
hdmi_mode=19 1024x768 85Hz
hdmi_mode=20 1024x768 120Hz
hdmi_mode=21 1152x864 75Hz
hdmi_mode=22 1280x768 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=23 1280x768 60Hz
hdmi_mode=24 1280x768 75Hz
hdmi_mode=25 1280x768 85Hz
hdmi_mode=26 1280x768 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=27 1280x800 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=28 1280x800 60Hz
hdmi_mode=29 1280x800 75Hz
hdmi_mode=30 1280x800 85Hz
hdmi_mode=31 1280x800 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=32 1280x960 60Hz
hdmi_mode=33 1280x960 85Hz
hdmi_mode=34 1280x960 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=35 1280x1024 60Hz
hdmi_mode=36 1280x1024 75Hz
hdmi_mode=37 1280x1024 85Hz
hdmi_mode=38 1280x1024 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=39 1360x768 60Hz
hdmi_mode=40 1360x768 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=41 1400x1050 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=42 1400x1050 60Hz
hdmi_mode=43 1400x1050 75Hz
hdmi_mode=44 1400x1050 85Hz
hdmi_mode=45 1400x1050 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=46 1440x900 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=47 1440x900 60Hz
hdmi_mode=48 1440x900 75Hz
hdmi_mode=49 1440x900 85Hz
hdmi_mode=50 1440x900 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=51 1600x1200 60Hz
hdmi_mode=52 1600x1200 65Hz
hdmi_mode=53 1600x1200 70Hz
hdmi_mode=54 1600x1200 75Hz
hdmi_mode=55 1600x1200 85Hz
hdmi_mode=56 1600x1200 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=57 1680x1050 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=58 1680x1050 60Hz
hdmi_mode=59 1680x1050 75Hz
hdmi_mode=60 1680x1050 85Hz
hdmi_mode=61 1680x1050 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=62 1792x1344 60Hz
hdmi_mode=63 1792x1344 75Hz
hdmi_mode=64 1792x1344 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=65 1856x1392 60Hz
hdmi_mode=66 1856x1392 75Hz
hdmi_mode=67 1856x1392 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=68 1920x1200 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=69 1920x1200 60Hz
hdmi_mode=70 1920x1200 75Hz
hdmi_mode=71 1920x1200 85Hz
hdmi_mode=72 1920x1200 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=73 1920x1440 60Hz
hdmi_mode=74 1920x1440 75Hz
hdmi_mode=75 1920x1440 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=76 2560x1600 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=77 2560x1600 60Hz
hdmi_mode=78 2560x1600 75Hz
hdmi_mode=79 2560x1600 85Hz
hdmi_mode=80 2560x1600 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=81 1366x768 60Hz
hdmi_mode=82 1080p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=83 1600x900 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=84 2048x1152 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=85 720p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=86 1366x768 reduced blanking
overscan_left 左侧跳过像素数
overscan_right 右侧跳过像素数
overscan_top 顶部跳过像素数
overscan_bottom 底部跳过像素数
framebuffer_width 控制台framebuffer宽度, 以像素为单位. 默认是显示器宽度减去超出扫描.
framebuffer_height 控制台framebuffer高度, 以像素为单位. 默认是显示器高度减去超出扫描.
framebuffer_depth 控制台framebuffer深度, 以位为单位. 默认是16位. 8位也是有效的, 但是默认RGB调色板会导致屏幕不可读. 24位效果更好 ,但是2012年6月15号发现有显示混乱问题. 32位没有混乱问题, 但是需要设置framebuffer_ignore_alpha=1, 并在2012年6月15号发现颜色显示错误.
framebuffer_ignore_alpha 设为1将禁用alpha通道. 仅对32位有效.
test_mode 允许在启动时做声音与图像测试.
disable_overscan 设为1将禁用超出扫描.
config_hdmi_boost 设置HDMI接口的信号强度. 默认为0. 如果出现HDMI干扰问题可以试试设为4. 最大为7.
display_rotate 顺时针旋转屏幕显示 (默认为0) 或者翻转显示.
display_rotate=0 正常
display_rotate=1 90度
display_rotate=2 180度
display_rotate=3 270度
display_rotate=0x10000 水平翻转
display_rotate=0x20000 垂直翻转
注意: 旋转90度或者270度额外需要GPU内存, 所以在GPU只分配到16M的时候旋转会无效. 可能的原因:Crashes my RPI before Linux boots if set to "1" -- REW 20120913.

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He disliked biography attempts. “I regard my scientific papers as my essential biography,’’ Land said. “I pour my whole life into the scientific project I’m investigating. I leave behind the things I’ve done in the past to do the work in the present.’’ “The purpose of inventing instant photography was essentially aesthetic,’’ Land said in 1947, announcing the process’s invention. “We live in a world changing so rapidly that what we mean frequently by common sense is doing the thing that would have been right last year.” — Edwin Land, Statement to Polaroid Corporation employees (25 June 1958) The worldview he was describing perfectly echoed Land’s: “Market research is what you do when your product isn’t any good.” And his sense of innovation: “Every significant invention,” Land once said, “must be startling, unexpected, and must come into a world that is not prepared for it. If the world were prepared for it, it would not be much of an invention.” Thirty years later, when a reporter ask...

Scott Forstall: "Great leaders exude a positive attitude of possibility and don’t shy from working harder than their employees and taking risks."​

  Scott Forstall led the team at Apple that developed the iPhone – and is equally successful in vastly different realms, including co-producing multiple Tony Award winning Broadway shows. What has always impressed me most, though, is the time he devotes to mentoring a diverse set of entrepreneurial founders. We’ve had the pleasure of knowing each other for several years, thanks to mutual friend Ali Partovi ’s incredible Neo community , a mentor community, accelerator and VC through which we support junior engineers to become senior leaders. Ali was an early backer of Airbnb, Dropbox, Uber and Facebook, so I knew I was in good hands! At our recent Neo reunion I was able to catch-up with Scott for a wide-ranging conversation on the landscapes of opportunity in technology and what we’re anticipating next. He kindly agreed to go o...

“真假难辨”的效果图如何打造,以一只笔为例(下)——渲染篇

原文地址 独家教程 | “真假难辨”的效果图如何打造,以一只笔为例(下)——渲染篇 上期独家教程,康石石带大家用Rhino完成了 COPIC MULTILINER 针管笔建模(复习请戳: 独家教程 | “真假难辨”的效果图如何打造,以一只笔为例(上)——建模篇 ),下面我们把它丢进Keyshot渲染器里,看看究竟Keyshot究竟能不能打造真实照片一般的既视感。 Keyshot虽为各家晚辈,但近年来突飞猛进。有的同学说Keyshot渲染效果不如V-Ray,但我们可以看下本期独家教程内容再作判断。 基础材质赋予 首先我们打开 Keyshot 基本导入参数 导入后 由于我们事先在Rhino中,对各个部件分过色,所以我们可以直接,尽情 把左边各种需要的材质球直接拖到需要的部件上 。 初步赋予材质后效果 特写效果 环境光赋予 Keyshot预设的材质显然不能够完全适合所需情况,且物体上的光线并不是很正确。因此同学们需要 将环境光换成更加接近真实摄影棚的灯光场景 。 选用 3 Panels Tilted 2k 作为的基本环境光,将环境光拖入环境里之后,效果如下: 模型各部材质赋予 由于光影的变化,整个模型已更加真实。 接下来 各部的材质还需根据实际的视觉情况 手工调整 。 以下是这次模型各部材质的参数:   笔身主要的金属材质 黑色塑料件部分以及笔头的黑色 笔夹与笔头所使用的金属材质 Tip:金属材质是将Keyshot预设的钢材质的粗糙度调整为0.01而成。 握柄处的塑料材质 Tip:因为塑料的视觉特点,此处特地选用了 半透明属性的材质 做调整,除了表面颜色的参数之外,剩余的三个颜色区域均使用了 R255,G255,B255的纯白 。 笔身标签渲染 在给各部赋予了材质之后,产品很重要的一个环节就是印刷于产品之上的各种商标与说明,在Keyshot中,这些效果可以很轻松的通过标签功能来实现。 首先对实物上的印刷效果进行观察, 可以看出实物上的印刷效果其实是比较立体的 。 Tip: 细节,往往是产品品质的一种体现。 在效果图的渲染中,也应该...

巴菲特致股东信-1971年

 编者笔记: 保险业务因为高毛利,开始有了更多竞争(资本逐利性) 确保当保险灾难来临时,有能力调集足够的资金来解决 巴菲特几乎从不进行恶意收购,收购的主要目的是:长期持有企业以获得经营利润并利用自由现金流再投资 原文: https://xueqiu.com/6217262310/131103035  To the Stockholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.: It is a pleasure to report that operating earnings in 1971, excluding capital gains, amounted to more than 14% of beginning shareholders' equity. This result--considerably above the average of American industry--was achieved in the face of inadequate earnings in our textile operation, making clear the benefits of redeployment of capital inaugurated five years ago. It will continue to be the objective of management to improve return on total capitalization (long term debt plus equity), as well as the return on equity capital. However, it should be realized that merely maintaining the present relatively high rate of return may well prove more difficult than was improvement from the very low levels of return which prevailed throughout most of the 1960's. ...

《Becoming Steve Jobs》Chapter 11 Do Your Level Best

As a mass-market consumer electronics device, the iPod would eventually be sold, of course, all the usual places: Best Buy, Circuit City, big-box department stores, and even the computer retailers like CompUSA. Steve disdained all these outlets. His obsession with his products continued well after they’d been manufactured. The tacky, low-margin hustle of these chains ran completely against the minimalist aesthetic of his products and the clean exuberance of his marketing. There was only one place where he really enjoyed seeing his products sold to the public: his own Apple stores, which had debuted four months ahead of the iPod. 觉得那些喧嚣、嘈杂的零售渠道,配不上自己极美的产品 Going back as far as the debut of the Mac, Steve had always groused about the way Apple computers were sold in its resellers’ stores. The way his computers were displayed and sold represented the very worst of what could go wrong when things weren’t done his way. The salespeople, always interested in quick turnover, seemed to make litt...

Steve Jobs on the iTunes Music Store: The Unpublished Interview

A candid talk with Apple's CEO on a landmark day in its history. By Laura Locke  |  Wednesday, December 7, 2011 at 1:15 am Steve Jobs announces the iTunes Music Store. On April 28th, 2003, moments before I was about to interview Steve Jobs at San Francisco’s Moscone Center, I was jittery. Anticipation? Nerves? Excitement? You bet. All of those visceral emotions were firing. Knowing Jobs’ storied reputation as an irascible and exacting Silicon Valley CEO had me on edge. But I had prepared a tight set of questions. Secretly, I was hoping he might enjoy the line of inquiry. In turn, I would have a lively and candid report for my editors at TIME. What I didn’t know was that the interview was taking place on what would turn out to be one of the most important days in Apple’s history: The launch of the iTunes Music Store. Once again, Ste...

产品随想 | 周刊 第50期:2010年kkndme:写在房价暴涨前

Products Digital Clock 4   https://sourceforge.net/projects/digitalclock4/ 开源的桌面时钟工具,开源,Linux, Mac, Windows FlipIt   https://github.com/phaselden/FlipIt Flip Clock screensaver 开源的翻页时钟 Windows 11 Fixer   https://github.com/99natmar99/Windows-11-Fixer Windows 11 Fixer is a program designed to make customizing your Windows 11 as easy as possible. 在一个集中的位置,能直接Win11相关的设置 即食历史   https://cuphistory.net/ 非常简短的历史科普,Base香港,很多内容有广东话 kkndme聊房   https://github.com/momo0853/kkndme kkndme聊房,数据整理自天涯。提供HTML、PDF和Markdown三种形式。 v86   https://github.com/copy/v86 x86 virtualization in your browser, recompiling x86 to wasm on the fly 浏览器中模拟x86 GitHub City   https://github.com/honzaap/GithubCity Create a 3D city from your GitHub contributions 让过往成城 Layoffs.fyi   Tracker   https://layoffs.fyi/ Tracking all tech startup layoffs since COVID-19. 用技术,监测疫情依赖的美国科技公司裁员 Trianglify   https://github.com/qrohlf/trianglify Algorithmically generated triangle art Low Poly生成工具...