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配置与学习树莓派config.txt配置文件

配置树莓派config.txt文件

windows pc下配置

  • 将SD卡通过读卡器连接到PC。
  • 打开config.txt文件，或新建这样一个文件。
  • 配置config.txt。
    • hdmi_force_hotplug=1 强制伪装成HDMI输出
    • hdmi_drive=2 当你选择通过HDMI显示输出时，需要选择2，如果是DVI输出，则该项为1
    • hdmi_group=2 设置HDMI类型，1为CEA，2为DMT
    • hdmi_mode=16 设置屏幕分辨率，见后文
    • config_hdmi_boost=4 设置HDMI接口信号强度，抗干扰
    • sdtv_mode=2 PAL制式
    • arm_freq=800 主频
  • 将SD卡重新插回树莓派并启动。

配置说明

概述

由于树莓派没有传统的BIOS，所以它的各种配置文件被存放在一个名为config.txt的文件中。
树莓派的config.txt会在内核初始化之前被GPU读取。

文件格式

默认的，该文件中任何配置都是通过#来注释的，如果需要配置对应项，则需要将行首的#删除。

配置项

内存

      disable_I2cache     : 禁止ARM访问GPU的二级缓存，相应的需要在内核中关闭二级缓存，默认为0
      gpu_mem     : GPU内存以M为单位，设置ARM和GPU之间的内存分配。ARM会获得剩余所有内存，最小设16，默认64
      gpu_mem_256     : 对于有256MB内存的树莓派的GPU设置，会覆盖gpu_mem，最大设192，默认不设置
      gpu_mem_512     : 对于有512MB内存的树莓派的GPU设置， 会覆盖gpu_mem，最大设448，默认不设置
      disable_pvt     : 禁止每500毫秒调整一次RAM的刷新率（RAM温度测量）

CAM - 动态内存分配

      cma_lwm     : 当GPU可用内存低于cma_lwm所设值，将向ARM请求一些内存
      cma_hwm     : 当GPU可用内存高于cma_hwm所设值，将向ARM释放一些内存
要启动CMA，下边的参数要添加到cmdline.txt文件中：
    

  1. coherent_pool=6M smsc95xx.turbo_mode=N
    2.

视频

sdtv_mode 为复合信号输出设置视频制式(默认为0)
sdtv_mode=0 NTSC，日本和美国主要用这个
sdtv_mode=1 日本版NTSC – 无基座
sdtv_mode=2 PAL,国内和欧洲主要用这个
sdtv_mode=3 巴西版PAL – 副载波为525/60而不是625/50
sdtv_aspect 为复合信号输出设置宽高比(默认为1)
sdtv_aspect=1 4:3
sdtv_aspect=2 14:9
sdtv_aspect=3 16:9
sdtv_disable_colourburst 禁止复合信号输出彩色副载波群. 图片会显示为单色, 但是可能会更清晰
sdtv_disable_colourburst=1 禁止输出彩色副载波群
hdmi_safe 使用"安全模式"的设置去尝试用HDMI最大兼容性启动. 这和下面的组合是一个意思: hdmi_force_hotplug=1, config_hdmi_boost=4, hdmi_group=2, hdmi_mode=4, disable_overscan=0
hdmi_safe=1
hdmi_ignore_edid 如果你的显示器是天朝产的垃圾货, 允许系统忽略EDID显示数据
hdmi_ignore_edid=0xa5000080
hdmi_edid_file 当设为1时, 将会从edid.dat文件中读取EDID数据，而不是从显示器.[1]
hdmi_edid_file=1
hdmi_force_edid_audio 伪装成支持所有音频格式播放, 即便报告不支持也允许通过DTS/AC3.
hdmi_force_edid_audio=1
hdmi_force_edid_3d 伪装成全部CEA模式都支持3D, 即便EDID并不支持.
hdmi_force_edid_3d=1
avoid_edid_fuzzy_match 禁止去模糊匹配EDID中描述的模式. 即便遮蔽错误, 也选用匹配分辨率和最接近帧率的标准模式.
avoid_edid_fuzzy_match=1
hdmi_ignore_cec_init 不发送初始化激活源消息. 避免在重启时使(启用CEC)TV结束待机并切换频道.
hdmi_ignore_cec_init=1
hdmi_ignore_cec 伪装成TV不支持CEC. 将不会支持任何CEC功能.
hdmi_ignore_cec=1
hdmi_force_hotplug 伪装成HDMI热插拔信号被检测到, 出现HDMI显示器被接入
hdmi_force_hotplug=1 即便没有检测到HDMI显示器也要使用HDMI模式
hdmi_ignore_hotplug 伪装成HDMI热插拔信号没有被检测到, 出现HDMI显示器未接入
hdmi_ignore_hotplug=1 即便检测到HDMI显示器也要使用混合模式
hdmi_pixel_encoding 强制像素编码模式. 默认情况下会使用EDID请求的模式, 所以不需要修改.
hdmi_pixel_encoding=0 default (limited for CEA, full for DMT)
hdmi_pixel_encoding=1 RGB limited (16-235)
hdmi_pixel_encoding=2 RGB full ( 0-255)
hdmi_pixel_encoding=3 YCbCr limited (16-235)
hdmi_pixel_encoding=4 YCbCr limited ( 0-255)
hdmi_drive 选择HDMI还是DVI模式
hdmi_drive=1 DVI模式 (没声音)
hdmi_drive=2 HDMI模式 (如果支持并已启用将有声音输出)
hdmi_group 设置HDMI类型
不指定组, 或者设为0, 将会使用EDID报告的首选组.
hdmi_group=1 CEA
hdmi_group=2 DMT
hdmi_mode 设置在CEA或DMT格式下的屏幕分辨率
当hdmi_group=1 (CEA)时,下列值有效
hdmi_mode=1 VGA
hdmi_mode=2 480p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=3 480p 60Hz H
hdmi_mode=4 720p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=5 1080i 60Hz
hdmi_mode=6 480i 60Hz
hdmi_mode=7 480i 60Hz H
hdmi_mode=8 240p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=9 240p 60Hz H
hdmi_mode=10 480i 60Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=11 480i 60Hz 4x H
hdmi_mode=12 240p 60Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=13 240p 60Hz 4x H
hdmi_mode=14 480p 60Hz 2x
hdmi_mode=15 480p 60Hz 2x H
hdmi_mode=16 1080p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=17 576p 50Hz
hdmi_mode=18 576p 50Hz H
hdmi_mode=19 720p 50Hz
hdmi_mode=20 1080i 50Hz
hdmi_mode=21 576i 50Hz
hdmi_mode=22 576i 50Hz H
hdmi_mode=23 288p 50Hz
hdmi_mode=24 288p 50Hz H
hdmi_mode=25 576i 50Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=26 576i 50Hz 4x H
hdmi_mode=27 288p 50Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=28 288p 50Hz 4x H
hdmi_mode=29 576p 50Hz 2x
hdmi_mode=30 576p 50Hz 2x H
hdmi_mode=31 1080p 50Hz
hdmi_mode=32 1080p 24Hz
hdmi_mode=33 1080p 25Hz
hdmi_mode=34 1080p 30Hz
hdmi_mode=35 480p 60Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=36 480p 60Hz 4xH
hdmi_mode=37 576p 50Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=38 576p 50Hz 4x H
hdmi_mode=39 1080i 50Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=40 1080i 100Hz
hdmi_mode=41 720p 100Hz
hdmi_mode=42 576p 100Hz
hdmi_mode=43 576p 100Hz H
hdmi_mode=44 576i 100Hz
hdmi_mode=45 576i 100Hz H
hdmi_mode=46 1080i 120Hz
hdmi_mode=47 720p 120Hz
hdmi_mode=48 480p 120Hz
hdmi_mode=49 480p 120Hz H
hdmi_mode=50 480i 120Hz
hdmi_mode=51 480i 120Hz H
hdmi_mode=52 576p 200Hz
hdmi_mode=53 576p 200Hz H
hdmi_mode=54 576i 200Hz
hdmi_mode=55 576i 200Hz H
hdmi_mode=56 480p 240Hz
hdmi_mode=57 480p 240Hz H
hdmi_mode=58 480i 240Hz
hdmi_mode=59 480i 240Hz H
H表示16:9比例(正常是4:3).
2x表示双倍像素(即更高的像素时脉, 每个像素重复两次)
4x表示四倍像素(即更高的像素时脉, 每个像素重复四次)
当hdmi_group=2 (DMT)时,下列值有效
警告: 根据这篇帖子所述
像素时脉是有限制的, 最高支持的模式是1920x1200 @60Hz with reduced blanking.
hdmi_mode=1 640x350 85Hz
hdmi_mode=2 640x400 85Hz
hdmi_mode=3 720x400 85Hz
hdmi_mode=4 640x480 60Hz
hdmi_mode=5 640x480 72Hz
hdmi_mode=6 640x480 75Hz
hdmi_mode=7 640x480 85Hz
hdmi_mode=8 800x600 56Hz
hdmi_mode=9 800x600 60Hz
hdmi_mode=10 800x600 72Hz
hdmi_mode=11 800x600 75Hz
hdmi_mode=12 800x600 85Hz
hdmi_mode=13 800x600 120Hz
hdmi_mode=14 848x480 60Hz
hdmi_mode=15 1024x768 43Hz DO NOT USE
hdmi_mode=16 1024x768 60Hz
hdmi_mode=17 1024x768 70Hz
hdmi_mode=18 1024x768 75Hz
hdmi_mode=19 1024x768 85Hz
hdmi_mode=20 1024x768 120Hz
hdmi_mode=21 1152x864 75Hz
hdmi_mode=22 1280x768 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=23 1280x768 60Hz
hdmi_mode=24 1280x768 75Hz
hdmi_mode=25 1280x768 85Hz
hdmi_mode=26 1280x768 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=27 1280x800 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=28 1280x800 60Hz
hdmi_mode=29 1280x800 75Hz
hdmi_mode=30 1280x800 85Hz
hdmi_mode=31 1280x800 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=32 1280x960 60Hz
hdmi_mode=33 1280x960 85Hz
hdmi_mode=34 1280x960 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=35 1280x1024 60Hz
hdmi_mode=36 1280x1024 75Hz
hdmi_mode=37 1280x1024 85Hz
hdmi_mode=38 1280x1024 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=39 1360x768 60Hz
hdmi_mode=40 1360x768 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=41 1400x1050 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=42 1400x1050 60Hz
hdmi_mode=43 1400x1050 75Hz
hdmi_mode=44 1400x1050 85Hz
hdmi_mode=45 1400x1050 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=46 1440x900 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=47 1440x900 60Hz
hdmi_mode=48 1440x900 75Hz
hdmi_mode=49 1440x900 85Hz
hdmi_mode=50 1440x900 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=51 1600x1200 60Hz
hdmi_mode=52 1600x1200 65Hz
hdmi_mode=53 1600x1200 70Hz
hdmi_mode=54 1600x1200 75Hz
hdmi_mode=55 1600x1200 85Hz
hdmi_mode=56 1600x1200 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=57 1680x1050 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=58 1680x1050 60Hz
hdmi_mode=59 1680x1050 75Hz
hdmi_mode=60 1680x1050 85Hz
hdmi_mode=61 1680x1050 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=62 1792x1344 60Hz
hdmi_mode=63 1792x1344 75Hz
hdmi_mode=64 1792x1344 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=65 1856x1392 60Hz
hdmi_mode=66 1856x1392 75Hz
hdmi_mode=67 1856x1392 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=68 1920x1200 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=69 1920x1200 60Hz
hdmi_mode=70 1920x1200 75Hz
hdmi_mode=71 1920x1200 85Hz
hdmi_mode=72 1920x1200 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=73 1920x1440 60Hz
hdmi_mode=74 1920x1440 75Hz
hdmi_mode=75 1920x1440 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=76 2560x1600 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=77 2560x1600 60Hz
hdmi_mode=78 2560x1600 75Hz
hdmi_mode=79 2560x1600 85Hz
hdmi_mode=80 2560x1600 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=81 1366x768 60Hz
hdmi_mode=82 1080p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=83 1600x900 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=84 2048x1152 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=85 720p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=86 1366x768 reduced blanking
overscan_left 左侧跳过像素数
overscan_right 右侧跳过像素数
overscan_top 顶部跳过像素数
overscan_bottom 底部跳过像素数
framebuffer_width 控制台framebuffer宽度, 以像素为单位. 默认是显示器宽度减去超出扫描.
framebuffer_height 控制台framebuffer高度, 以像素为单位. 默认是显示器高度减去超出扫描.
framebuffer_depth 控制台framebuffer深度, 以位为单位. 默认是16位. 8位也是有效的, 但是默认RGB调色板会导致屏幕不可读. 24位效果更好 ,但是2012年6月15号发现有显示混乱问题. 32位没有混乱问题, 但是需要设置framebuffer_ignore_alpha=1, 并在2012年6月15号发现颜色显示错误.
framebuffer_ignore_alpha 设为1将禁用alpha通道. 仅对32位有效.
test_mode 允许在启动时做声音与图像测试.
disable_overscan 设为1将禁用超出扫描.
config_hdmi_boost 设置HDMI接口的信号强度. 默认为0. 如果出现HDMI干扰问题可以试试设为4. 最大为7.
display_rotate 顺时针旋转屏幕显示 (默认为0) 或者翻转显示.
display_rotate=0 正常
display_rotate=1 90度
display_rotate=2 180度
display_rotate=3 270度
display_rotate=0x10000 水平翻转
display_rotate=0x20000 垂直翻转
注意: 旋转90度或者270度额外需要GPU内存, 所以在GPU只分配到16M的时候旋转会无效. 可能的原因:Crashes my RPI before Linux boots if set to "1" -- REW 20120913.

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Foobar2000 组件安装教程

 原作者 博客地址   汉化作者 Asion博客   关于foobar 2000的一些资源 前言 foobar2000 由于其软件架构特点以及开放的姿态，使得第三方很容易开发组件（component）来拓展它的功能。由于在官网下载的默认安装文件只带了少量几个默认的组件，满足不了使用的需求，例如：默认不带 ape，tta，tak 等音频文件格式的解码器，很多无损压缩格式音乐没法播放。所以自己下载安装组件是必备的基本技能。 foobar2000 的中文汉化版（Asion 汉化）为了方便使用，集成了无损压缩文件解码器以及一些其它有用的插件，安装时选上即可，不喜欢折腾的建议使用汉化版。 这里组件指的是 foobar2000 标准组件（*.dll 文件），而非 vst 插件等其它插件，姑且把组件分为两类： 官方组件： 英文版安装包自带，安装时可选择； 第三方组件：非官方自带的组件 除了 foo_input_std.dll 和 foo_ui_std.dll 这两个组件是必须的外，其它的所有组件都 非必需 的，可以随需要增删。第三方组件可以去 官网 、 官方论坛 或者 官方 wiki 去找，也可以去贴吧等地逛逛。 下载 还是要强调一下，这里说的是 foobar2000 component ，不是中文网上通常说的 vst 插件。 下载好的组件包一般是 xxx.zip 或 xxx.fb2k-component 格式的文件，也有用 7z 打包的。前两种都是 zip 压缩（只要把 fb2k-component 改成 zip 文件就变成了 zip： 包）。标准状况下压缩包里的内容结构应该是 xxx.zip yyy.dll README.txt (可能没有) LICENCE.txt (可能没有) (其它杂七杂八） 除少数外一般只有一个 xxx.dll 文件.一定要注意压缩包结构不能是: xxx.zip yy folder (文件夹） zzz.dll … 否则要解压缩，提取那个 dll 文件。 安装 方法一（推荐） 打开 foobar2000 的菜单 文件 > 首选项(file >preferences) 的 组件(components...
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巴菲特致股东信-1976年

 笔记： 为什么选择轻资产行业：当竞争疯狂时，不会强迫加入降价大战 最终选择了费雪的思想，选择能理解的优秀企业，以合理的价格买入并长期拥有 翻译： 雪球：https://xueqiu.com/6217262310/131440258 备份：https://archive.ph/XLK0S 原文： To the Stockholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc, After two dismal years, operating results in 1976 improved significantly. Last year we said the degree of progress in insurance underwriting would determine whether our gain in earnings would be "moderate" or "major." As it turned out, earnings exceeded even the high end of our expectations. In large part, this was due to the outstanding efforts of Phil Liesche's managerial group at National Indemnity Company. In dollar terms, operating earnings came to $16,073,000, or $16.47 per share. While this is a record figure, we consider return on shareholders' equity to be a much more significant yardstick of economic performance. Here our result was 17.3%, moderately above our long-term average and even further above the average o...
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《Becoming Steve Jobs》Chapter 11 Do Your Level Best

As a mass-market consumer electronics device, the iPod would eventually be sold, of course, all the usual places: Best Buy, Circuit City, big-box department stores, and even the computer retailers like CompUSA. Steve disdained all these outlets. His obsession with his products continued well after they’d been manufactured. The tacky, low-margin hustle of these chains ran completely against the minimalist aesthetic of his products and the clean exuberance of his marketing. There was only one place where he really enjoyed seeing his products sold to the public: his own Apple stores, which had debuted four months ahead of the iPod. 觉得那些喧嚣、嘈杂的零售渠道，配不上自己极美的产品 Going back as far as the debut of the Mac, Steve had always groused about the way Apple computers were sold in its resellers’ stores. The way his computers were displayed and sold represented the very worst of what could go wrong when things weren’t done his way. The salespeople, always interested in quick turnover, seemed to make litt...
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《Becoming Steve Jobs》Chapter 16 Blind Spots, Grudges, and Sharp Elbows

Steve could be pretty thin-skinned when someone prominent criticized the aesthetics of his products. He took great umbrage that Neil would, as Steve put it, “pop off in public like that without coming to talk to us about his technical concerns first.” From that point on he had rebuffed all of Neil’s attempts to smoke the peace pipe. 有趣 He had blind spots, grating behavioral habits, and a tendency to give in to emotional impulse that persisted his entire life. These characteristics are often used to make the case that Steve was an “asshole” or a “jerk,” or perhaps simply “binary”—that odd adjective often used to convey the sense that he was half asshole/half genius from birth to death. These aren’t useful, interesting, or enlightening descriptions. What’s more illuminating is to take a look at the specific ways in which Steve failed to do an effective job of tempering some of his weaknesses and antisocial traits, and to consider how, when, and why some of them continued to flare up even...
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