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配置与学习树莓派config.txt配置文件

配置树莓派config.txt文件

windows pc下配置

  • 将SD卡通过读卡器连接到PC。
  • 打开config.txt文件，或新建这样一个文件。
  • 配置config.txt。
    • hdmi_force_hotplug=1 强制伪装成HDMI输出
    • hdmi_drive=2 当你选择通过HDMI显示输出时，需要选择2，如果是DVI输出，则该项为1
    • hdmi_group=2 设置HDMI类型，1为CEA，2为DMT
    • hdmi_mode=16 设置屏幕分辨率，见后文
    • config_hdmi_boost=4 设置HDMI接口信号强度，抗干扰
    • sdtv_mode=2 PAL制式
    • arm_freq=800 主频
  • 将SD卡重新插回树莓派并启动。

配置说明

概述

由于树莓派没有传统的BIOS，所以它的各种配置文件被存放在一个名为config.txt的文件中。
树莓派的config.txt会在内核初始化之前被GPU读取。

文件格式

默认的，该文件中任何配置都是通过#来注释的，如果需要配置对应项，则需要将行首的#删除。

配置项

内存

      disable_I2cache     : 禁止ARM访问GPU的二级缓存，相应的需要在内核中关闭二级缓存，默认为0
      gpu_mem     : GPU内存以M为单位，设置ARM和GPU之间的内存分配。ARM会获得剩余所有内存，最小设16，默认64
      gpu_mem_256     : 对于有256MB内存的树莓派的GPU设置，会覆盖gpu_mem，最大设192，默认不设置
      gpu_mem_512     : 对于有512MB内存的树莓派的GPU设置， 会覆盖gpu_mem，最大设448，默认不设置
      disable_pvt     : 禁止每500毫秒调整一次RAM的刷新率（RAM温度测量）

CAM - 动态内存分配

      cma_lwm     : 当GPU可用内存低于cma_lwm所设值，将向ARM请求一些内存
      cma_hwm     : 当GPU可用内存高于cma_hwm所设值，将向ARM释放一些内存
要启动CMA，下边的参数要添加到cmdline.txt文件中：
    

  1. coherent_pool=6M smsc95xx.turbo_mode=N
    2.

视频

sdtv_mode 为复合信号输出设置视频制式(默认为0)
sdtv_mode=0 NTSC，日本和美国主要用这个
sdtv_mode=1 日本版NTSC – 无基座
sdtv_mode=2 PAL,国内和欧洲主要用这个
sdtv_mode=3 巴西版PAL – 副载波为525/60而不是625/50
sdtv_aspect 为复合信号输出设置宽高比(默认为1)
sdtv_aspect=1 4:3
sdtv_aspect=2 14:9
sdtv_aspect=3 16:9
sdtv_disable_colourburst 禁止复合信号输出彩色副载波群. 图片会显示为单色, 但是可能会更清晰
sdtv_disable_colourburst=1 禁止输出彩色副载波群
hdmi_safe 使用"安全模式"的设置去尝试用HDMI最大兼容性启动. 这和下面的组合是一个意思: hdmi_force_hotplug=1, config_hdmi_boost=4, hdmi_group=2, hdmi_mode=4, disable_overscan=0
hdmi_safe=1
hdmi_ignore_edid 如果你的显示器是天朝产的垃圾货, 允许系统忽略EDID显示数据
hdmi_ignore_edid=0xa5000080
hdmi_edid_file 当设为1时, 将会从edid.dat文件中读取EDID数据，而不是从显示器.[1]
hdmi_edid_file=1
hdmi_force_edid_audio 伪装成支持所有音频格式播放, 即便报告不支持也允许通过DTS/AC3.
hdmi_force_edid_audio=1
hdmi_force_edid_3d 伪装成全部CEA模式都支持3D, 即便EDID并不支持.
hdmi_force_edid_3d=1
avoid_edid_fuzzy_match 禁止去模糊匹配EDID中描述的模式. 即便遮蔽错误, 也选用匹配分辨率和最接近帧率的标准模式.
avoid_edid_fuzzy_match=1
hdmi_ignore_cec_init 不发送初始化激活源消息. 避免在重启时使(启用CEC)TV结束待机并切换频道.
hdmi_ignore_cec_init=1
hdmi_ignore_cec 伪装成TV不支持CEC. 将不会支持任何CEC功能.
hdmi_ignore_cec=1
hdmi_force_hotplug 伪装成HDMI热插拔信号被检测到, 出现HDMI显示器被接入
hdmi_force_hotplug=1 即便没有检测到HDMI显示器也要使用HDMI模式
hdmi_ignore_hotplug 伪装成HDMI热插拔信号没有被检测到, 出现HDMI显示器未接入
hdmi_ignore_hotplug=1 即便检测到HDMI显示器也要使用混合模式
hdmi_pixel_encoding 强制像素编码模式. 默认情况下会使用EDID请求的模式, 所以不需要修改.
hdmi_pixel_encoding=0 default (limited for CEA, full for DMT)
hdmi_pixel_encoding=1 RGB limited (16-235)
hdmi_pixel_encoding=2 RGB full ( 0-255)
hdmi_pixel_encoding=3 YCbCr limited (16-235)
hdmi_pixel_encoding=4 YCbCr limited ( 0-255)
hdmi_drive 选择HDMI还是DVI模式
hdmi_drive=1 DVI模式 (没声音)
hdmi_drive=2 HDMI模式 (如果支持并已启用将有声音输出)
hdmi_group 设置HDMI类型
不指定组, 或者设为0, 将会使用EDID报告的首选组.
hdmi_group=1 CEA
hdmi_group=2 DMT
hdmi_mode 设置在CEA或DMT格式下的屏幕分辨率
当hdmi_group=1 (CEA)时,下列值有效
hdmi_mode=1 VGA
hdmi_mode=2 480p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=3 480p 60Hz H
hdmi_mode=4 720p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=5 1080i 60Hz
hdmi_mode=6 480i 60Hz
hdmi_mode=7 480i 60Hz H
hdmi_mode=8 240p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=9 240p 60Hz H
hdmi_mode=10 480i 60Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=11 480i 60Hz 4x H
hdmi_mode=12 240p 60Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=13 240p 60Hz 4x H
hdmi_mode=14 480p 60Hz 2x
hdmi_mode=15 480p 60Hz 2x H
hdmi_mode=16 1080p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=17 576p 50Hz
hdmi_mode=18 576p 50Hz H
hdmi_mode=19 720p 50Hz
hdmi_mode=20 1080i 50Hz
hdmi_mode=21 576i 50Hz
hdmi_mode=22 576i 50Hz H
hdmi_mode=23 288p 50Hz
hdmi_mode=24 288p 50Hz H
hdmi_mode=25 576i 50Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=26 576i 50Hz 4x H
hdmi_mode=27 288p 50Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=28 288p 50Hz 4x H
hdmi_mode=29 576p 50Hz 2x
hdmi_mode=30 576p 50Hz 2x H
hdmi_mode=31 1080p 50Hz
hdmi_mode=32 1080p 24Hz
hdmi_mode=33 1080p 25Hz
hdmi_mode=34 1080p 30Hz
hdmi_mode=35 480p 60Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=36 480p 60Hz 4xH
hdmi_mode=37 576p 50Hz 4x
hdmi_mode=38 576p 50Hz 4x H
hdmi_mode=39 1080i 50Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=40 1080i 100Hz
hdmi_mode=41 720p 100Hz
hdmi_mode=42 576p 100Hz
hdmi_mode=43 576p 100Hz H
hdmi_mode=44 576i 100Hz
hdmi_mode=45 576i 100Hz H
hdmi_mode=46 1080i 120Hz
hdmi_mode=47 720p 120Hz
hdmi_mode=48 480p 120Hz
hdmi_mode=49 480p 120Hz H
hdmi_mode=50 480i 120Hz
hdmi_mode=51 480i 120Hz H
hdmi_mode=52 576p 200Hz
hdmi_mode=53 576p 200Hz H
hdmi_mode=54 576i 200Hz
hdmi_mode=55 576i 200Hz H
hdmi_mode=56 480p 240Hz
hdmi_mode=57 480p 240Hz H
hdmi_mode=58 480i 240Hz
hdmi_mode=59 480i 240Hz H
H表示16:9比例(正常是4:3).
2x表示双倍像素(即更高的像素时脉, 每个像素重复两次)
4x表示四倍像素(即更高的像素时脉, 每个像素重复四次)
当hdmi_group=2 (DMT)时,下列值有效
警告: 根据这篇帖子所述
像素时脉是有限制的, 最高支持的模式是1920x1200 @60Hz with reduced blanking.
hdmi_mode=1 640x350 85Hz
hdmi_mode=2 640x400 85Hz
hdmi_mode=3 720x400 85Hz
hdmi_mode=4 640x480 60Hz
hdmi_mode=5 640x480 72Hz
hdmi_mode=6 640x480 75Hz
hdmi_mode=7 640x480 85Hz
hdmi_mode=8 800x600 56Hz
hdmi_mode=9 800x600 60Hz
hdmi_mode=10 800x600 72Hz
hdmi_mode=11 800x600 75Hz
hdmi_mode=12 800x600 85Hz
hdmi_mode=13 800x600 120Hz
hdmi_mode=14 848x480 60Hz
hdmi_mode=15 1024x768 43Hz DO NOT USE
hdmi_mode=16 1024x768 60Hz
hdmi_mode=17 1024x768 70Hz
hdmi_mode=18 1024x768 75Hz
hdmi_mode=19 1024x768 85Hz
hdmi_mode=20 1024x768 120Hz
hdmi_mode=21 1152x864 75Hz
hdmi_mode=22 1280x768 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=23 1280x768 60Hz
hdmi_mode=24 1280x768 75Hz
hdmi_mode=25 1280x768 85Hz
hdmi_mode=26 1280x768 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=27 1280x800 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=28 1280x800 60Hz
hdmi_mode=29 1280x800 75Hz
hdmi_mode=30 1280x800 85Hz
hdmi_mode=31 1280x800 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=32 1280x960 60Hz
hdmi_mode=33 1280x960 85Hz
hdmi_mode=34 1280x960 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=35 1280x1024 60Hz
hdmi_mode=36 1280x1024 75Hz
hdmi_mode=37 1280x1024 85Hz
hdmi_mode=38 1280x1024 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=39 1360x768 60Hz
hdmi_mode=40 1360x768 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=41 1400x1050 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=42 1400x1050 60Hz
hdmi_mode=43 1400x1050 75Hz
hdmi_mode=44 1400x1050 85Hz
hdmi_mode=45 1400x1050 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=46 1440x900 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=47 1440x900 60Hz
hdmi_mode=48 1440x900 75Hz
hdmi_mode=49 1440x900 85Hz
hdmi_mode=50 1440x900 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=51 1600x1200 60Hz
hdmi_mode=52 1600x1200 65Hz
hdmi_mode=53 1600x1200 70Hz
hdmi_mode=54 1600x1200 75Hz
hdmi_mode=55 1600x1200 85Hz
hdmi_mode=56 1600x1200 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=57 1680x1050 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=58 1680x1050 60Hz
hdmi_mode=59 1680x1050 75Hz
hdmi_mode=60 1680x1050 85Hz
hdmi_mode=61 1680x1050 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=62 1792x1344 60Hz
hdmi_mode=63 1792x1344 75Hz
hdmi_mode=64 1792x1344 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=65 1856x1392 60Hz
hdmi_mode=66 1856x1392 75Hz
hdmi_mode=67 1856x1392 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=68 1920x1200 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=69 1920x1200 60Hz
hdmi_mode=70 1920x1200 75Hz
hdmi_mode=71 1920x1200 85Hz
hdmi_mode=72 1920x1200 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=73 1920x1440 60Hz
hdmi_mode=74 1920x1440 75Hz
hdmi_mode=75 1920x1440 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=76 2560x1600 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=77 2560x1600 60Hz
hdmi_mode=78 2560x1600 75Hz
hdmi_mode=79 2560x1600 85Hz
hdmi_mode=80 2560x1600 120Hz reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=81 1366x768 60Hz
hdmi_mode=82 1080p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=83 1600x900 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=84 2048x1152 reduced blanking
hdmi_mode=85 720p 60Hz
hdmi_mode=86 1366x768 reduced blanking
overscan_left 左侧跳过像素数
overscan_right 右侧跳过像素数
overscan_top 顶部跳过像素数
overscan_bottom 底部跳过像素数
framebuffer_width 控制台framebuffer宽度, 以像素为单位. 默认是显示器宽度减去超出扫描.
framebuffer_height 控制台framebuffer高度, 以像素为单位. 默认是显示器高度减去超出扫描.
framebuffer_depth 控制台framebuffer深度, 以位为单位. 默认是16位. 8位也是有效的, 但是默认RGB调色板会导致屏幕不可读. 24位效果更好 ,但是2012年6月15号发现有显示混乱问题. 32位没有混乱问题, 但是需要设置framebuffer_ignore_alpha=1, 并在2012年6月15号发现颜色显示错误.
framebuffer_ignore_alpha 设为1将禁用alpha通道. 仅对32位有效.
test_mode 允许在启动时做声音与图像测试.
disable_overscan 设为1将禁用超出扫描.
config_hdmi_boost 设置HDMI接口的信号强度. 默认为0. 如果出现HDMI干扰问题可以试试设为4. 最大为7.
display_rotate 顺时针旋转屏幕显示 (默认为0) 或者翻转显示.
display_rotate=0 正常
display_rotate=1 90度
display_rotate=2 180度
display_rotate=3 270度
display_rotate=0x10000 水平翻转
display_rotate=0x20000 垂直翻转
注意: 旋转90度或者270度额外需要GPU内存, 所以在GPU只分配到16M的时候旋转会无效. 可能的原因:Crashes my RPI before Linux boots if set to "1" -- REW 20120913.

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写给大家看的中文排版指南

作者：Hindy 原文地址： http:// zhuanlan.zhihu.com/uici rcle/20506092 前言：很遗憾，我们的周围充斥着大量排版丑陋的文章。我国的字体排印与日本、美国等设计强国差距实在太大。我希望能够做些力所能及的小事，让更多人意识到“设计”的价值和其必要性，创造更美好的视觉环境。本文旨在帮助普及、提升大家对文字排版的认识，让大家在平时的学习工作中能有更专业的文字排版素养。 必看人群： 设计师、编辑、作家、撰稿人、教师、学生 目录： 1. 中文排版 1.1 引号 1.2 省略号与破折号 1.3 行首行尾禁则 2. 西文排版基础 2.1 西文撰写基础 2.2 西文标点相关 2.3 斜体的用法 2.4 大小写的区别 3. 中西文混排 3.1 基础原则 3.2 标点相关 1. 中文排版 1.1 引号 我国国家标准要求弯引号，个人建议使用直角引号。 示例：你竟然喜欢“苹果表”？ 引号中再用引号使用双直角引号。 示例：我问他，“你竟然喜欢‘苹果表’？” 当引号表示讽刺、反语暗示时，使用弯引号（用法参考“西文排版”部分）。 示例：说真的，我也很 “喜欢”“苹果表”哦。 1.2 省略号（删节号）与破折号 省略号占两个汉字空间，包含六个点。 正确示例：中国设计还有太长路要走…… 错误示例：中国设计还有太长路要走… 破折号占两个汉字空间。 示例：中国设计还有太长路要走──加油罢。 1.3 行首行尾禁则 点号（顿号、逗号、句号等）、结束引号、结束括号等，不能出现在一行的开头。 错误示例： 排版时注意某些 符号不能在行首 ，别弄错了。 正确示例： 排版时注意某些 符号不能在行首， 别弄错了。 开始引号、开始括号、开始双书名号等，不能出现在一行的结尾。 错误示例： 她对我们说：“ 这书太赞了。” 正确示例： 她对我们说： “这书太赞了。” 2. 西文排版基础 2.1 西文撰写基础 句首字母大写。 单词间留空格。 示例：Have a question? 2.2 西文标点相关 点号后加一个空格（如逗号、句号等）。 示例：Hello everyone! Welcome to my blog....
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Steve Jobs at 44, By Michael Krantz, 1999

Differences and Similarities Between Apple and Pixar Apple turns out many products--a dozen a year; if you count all the minor ones, probably a hundred. Pixar is striving to turn out one a year. But the converse of that is that Pixar's products will still be used fifty years from now, whereas I don't think you'll be using any product Apple brings to market this year fifty years from now. Pixar is making art for the ages. Kids will be watching Toy Story in the future. And Apple is much more of a constant race to continually improve things and stay ahead of the competition.  His Role At Pixar At Pixar my job is to help build the studio and recruit people and help create a situation where they can do the best work of their lives. And to some degree it's the same at Apple. But at Pixar, I don't direct the movies, whereas at Apple probably, if I had to pick a role out of a film production, I'd be the director. So it...
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巴菲特致股东信-1973年

 笔记： 在上一年度预测的今年竞争加剧导致利润下滑，真的发生了 翻译Link： 雪球：https://xueqiu.com/6217262310/131257618 备份：https://archive.ph/KIfdT 原文： To the Stockholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.: Our financial results for 1973 were satisfactory, with operating earnings of $11,930,592, producing a return of 17.4% on beginning stockholders' equity. Although operating earnings improved from $11.43 to $12.18 per share, earnings on equity decreased from the 19.8% of 1972. This decline occurred because the gain in earnings was not commensurate with the increase in shareholders' investment. We had forecast in last year's report that such a decline was likely. Unfortunately, our forecast proved to be correct. Our textile, banking, and most insurance operations had good years, but certain segments of the insurance business turned in poor results. Overall, our insurance business continues to be a most attractive area in which to employ capital. Management'...
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《Becoming Steve Jobs》Chapter 17 “Just Tell Them I’m Being an Asshole”

For several months, I had been working to set up a joint interview of Steve, Andy Grove, Bill Gates, and Michael Dell. The confab was supposed to kick off the reporting for a book I had in mind. I had what I thought was a snappy title—Founders Keepers—and a plan to describe how a handful of geeky entrepreneurs had evolved into captains of industry; how self-absorbed inventors morphed into self-taught empire builders; how shaggy-haired idealists managed to stay in the saddle even as the companies they created grew rapidly by orders of magnitude, and as their own wealth and influence over the world itself became far more than the stuff of dreams. 好可惜啊，这次采访没有成形 During this time, Steve came to visit me in the hospital a couple of times. I was so addled with sedatives and painkillers and my own delirious hallucinations that during one visit I expressed my sincerest regrets at not being able to play saxophone in a Beatles retrospective show he was planning to put on in Las Vegas with Ringo S...
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