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Grasshopper ELK 数据分析底图绘制

数据分析图在设计领域应用较为普遍，Collective Architecture公司在为Glasgow Life设计区域规划时，创作了信息分类明确，个性鲜明的数据分析图。因此，同学们在创作作品集的过程中如果能够将数据分析图运用的得心应手，一定会让你的作品集瞬间提升一个level。
Velocity-Art For a Changing City Glasgow

此次独家教程，讲解的是利用grasshopper中的Elk（麋鹿）插件来处理地理信息数据分类，利用数据可视化的表现手法去制作数据分析图的矢量图，可为城市，景观，建筑等专业学生的前期场地调研作为分析图的底图，同时也可为后期参数化设计提供数据依据。

学习的同学需对Rhino，Grasshopper，Adobe Illustrator有初步的了解。

地理信息数据收集网站
1. OpenStreetMap.org
链接：http://www.openstreetmap.org/

2. NASA/Jet Propulsion Labs
链接：http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/

下面，康石石通过“四步”，来帮助大家实现数据分析图。

第一步 在grasshopper中安装ELK插件

从food4Rhino下载ELK插件

在Rhino中打开grasshopper，
在file中找到Special Folders/Components Folder

把下载的ELK文件拷入文件夹中，
关闭grasshopper和rhino，重新启动程序


第二步 提取地理信息数据

打开浏览器，输入OpenStreetMap地址
链接地址：http://www.openstreetmap.org

在搜索栏中搜索所在地区（名字或坐标），找到相应地区地图

找到合适范围，点击导出（Export）
保存osm格式文件到个人文件夹中

使用Excel表格打开osm格式文件，
查找K（Key）与V（Value）栏信息（为后期筛选数据备用）


第三步 把地理信息数据导入ELK

首先把Panel电池, File Path电池与Location电池置入，
在Panel中写入保存的osm格式的文件链接路径

在ELK插件中已提取信息作为数据分类电池
如主要道路，次要道路，铁路和河流等

下图中，主要Major Roads电池为筛选过的主要道路信息

此时已把主要道路的所有数据以点位的形式在rhino界面中呈现

把所有点用polyline电池连接
由于ELK根据不同信息已把数据点作为分组处理
所以最后呈现的图像都是分组的道路信息
可为之后设计时的道路提取做准备

根据道路种类不同，按不同颜色做分类

首先提取主干道路信息
置入polyline电池，color swatch电池与custom preview电池
用不同颜色区分不同道路的主次

同理水流系统信息分类

其他次干道，高速路及铁路等道路的数据分类

在处理房屋等信息的时候需要依据Excel表格中的Key值与Value值来筛选数据。在osm格式的文件中，数据结构按照不同地理信息的云点和对应Key值与次层级value值分类，例如在某tourism大类的信息下，会有hotel的小类做为更深层信息筛选，利用GenericOSM这个电池可以对这两层信息筛选。

例：筛选数据中tourism特性的房屋信息

在GenericOSM中对Feature Key定义，
在Panel中填写tourism，为数据的一层筛选

在地图中显示所有tourism属性的房屋（黑色部分）

在panel中填写hotel，
对Feature Value做定义，此为数据的第二层筛选

地图显示所有tourism属性中hotel特性的房屋（红色部分）

在Panel中填写Building，可以筛选出所有Building的信息

在地图中显示所有building属性的房屋（黑色部分）
在Excel表格中可以筛选出很多不同类型的房屋数据
（如：food，nature，shop等） 


第四步 数据导出

把信息根据不同类别分层bake出
（右键电池点击bake命令）
导出dwg或dxf格式文件

把dwg或dxf格式文件置入AI之中
就可以根据不同图层来调整线型和颜色，作为底图为后期设计


以上方法大家只要围绕康石石的“四步教程”即可get技能，
之后就可以开始完成自己基地的地理信息分类
Velocity-Art For a Changing City Glasgow

Velocity-Art For a Changing City Glasgow

Velocity-Art For a Changing City Glasgow

Velocity-Art For a Changing City Glasgow

通过不同的信息分层，可以很容易在AI中编辑矢量线型，清晰地表达自己的设计意图。同时，我们可以通过一些其他优秀的数据分析图，得到更多的启发。
景观设计学 18期 2011-04《设计的生态（上）》

Sarah Moos, Student ASLA 2013 《50,000 trees》

Creating Sustainable Future of Mae Kha Canalin Chiang Mai, Student ASLA 2013


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