Grasshopper ELK 数据分析底图绘制

原文地址独家教程 |Grasshopper ELK 数据分析底图绘制，“4步”炸飞你的小伙伴

数据分析图在设计领域应用较为普遍，Collective Architecture公司在为Glasgow Life设计区域规划时，创作了信息分类明确，个性鲜明的数据分析图。因此，同学们在创作作品集的过程中如果能够将数据分析图运用的得心应手，一定会让你的作品集瞬间提升一个level。

Velocity-Art For a Changing City Glasgow

此次独家教程，讲解的是利用grasshopper中的Elk（麋鹿）插件来处理地理信息数据分类，利用数据可视化的表现手法去制作数据分析图的矢量图，可为城市，景观，建筑等专业学生的前期场地调研作为分析图的底图，同时也可为后期参数化设计提供数据依据。

学习的同学需对Rhino，Grasshopper，Adobe Illustrator有初步的了解。

地理信息数据收集网站

1. OpenStreetMap.org

链接：http://www.openstreetmap.org/

2. NASA/Jet Propulsion Labs

链接：http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/

下面，康石石通过“四步”，来帮助大家实现数据分析图。

第一步在grasshopper中安装ELK插件

从food4Rhino下载ELK插件

在Rhino中打开grasshopper，

在file中找到Special Folders/Components Folder

把下载的ELK文件拷入文件夹中，

关闭grasshopper和rhino，重新启动程序

第二步提取地理信息数据

打开浏览器，输入OpenStreetMap地址

链接地址：http://www.openstreetmap.org

在搜索栏中搜索所在地区（名字或坐标），找到相应地区地图

找到合适范围，点击导出（Export）

保存osm格式文件到个人文件夹中

使用Excel表格打开osm格式文件，

查找K（Key）与V（Value）栏信息（为后期筛选数据备用）

第三步把地理信息数据导入ELK

首先把Panel电池, File Path电池与Location电池置入，

在Panel中写入保存的osm格式的文件链接路径

在ELK插件中已提取信息作为数据分类电池

如主要道路，次要道路，铁路和河流等

下图中，主要Major Roads电池为筛选过的主要道路信息

此时已把主要道路的所有数据以点位的形式在rhino界面中呈现

把所有点用polyline电池连接

由于ELK根据不同信息已把数据点作为分组处理

所以最后呈现的图像都是分组的道路信息

可为之后设计时的道路提取做准备

根据道路种类不同，按不同颜色做分类

首先提取主干道路信息

置入polyline电池，color swatch电池与custom preview电池

用不同颜色区分不同道路的主次

同理水流系统信息分类

其他次干道，高速路及铁路等道路的数据分类

在处理房屋等信息的时候需要依据Excel表格中的Key值与Value值来筛选数据。在osm格式的文件中，数据结构按照不同地理信息的云点和对应Key值与次层级value值分类，例如在某tourism大类的信息下，会有hotel的小类做为更深层信息筛选，利用GenericOSM这个电池可以对这两层信息筛选。

例：筛选数据中tourism特性的房屋信息

在GenericOSM中对Feature Key定义，

在Panel中填写tourism，为数据的一层筛选

在地图中显示所有tourism属性的房屋（黑色部分）

在panel中填写hotel，

对Feature Value做定义，此为数据的第二层筛选

地图显示所有tourism属性中hotel特性的房屋（红色部分）

在Panel中填写Building，可以筛选出所有Building的信息

在地图中显示所有building属性的房屋（黑色部分）

在Excel表格中可以筛选出很多不同类型的房屋数据

（如：food，nature，shop等）

第四步 数据导出

把信息根据不同类别分层bake出

（右键电池点击bake命令）

导出dwg或dxf格式文件

把dwg或dxf格式文件置入AI之中

就可以根据不同图层来调整线型和颜色，作为底图为后期设计

以上方法大家只要围绕康石石的“四步教程”即可get技能，

之后就可以开始完成自己基地的地理信息分类

Velocity-Art For a Changing City Glasgow

通过不同的信息分层，可以很容易在AI中编辑矢量线型，清晰地表达自己的设计意图。同时，我们可以通过一些其他优秀的数据分析图，得到更多的启发。

景观设计学 18期 2011-04《设计的生态（上）》

Sarah Moos, Student ASLA 2013 《50,000 trees》

Creating Sustainable Future of Mae Kha Canalin Chiang Mai, Student ASLA 2013

产品随想 | 周刊第130期：集结信徒，而非官僚

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《Becoming Steve Jobs》Chapter 16 Blind Spots, Grudges, and Sharp Elbows

Steve could be pretty thin-skinned when someone prominent criticized the aesthetics of his products. He took great umbrage that Neil would, as Steve put it, “pop off in public like that without coming to talk to us about his technical concerns first.” From that point on he had rebuffed all of Neil’s attempts to smoke the peace pipe. 有趣 He had blind spots, grating behavioral habits, and a tendency to give in to emotional impulse that persisted his entire life. These characteristics are often used to make the case that Steve was an “asshole” or a “jerk,” or perhaps simply “binary”—that odd adjective often used to convey the sense that he was half asshole/half genius from birth to death. These aren’t useful, interesting, or enlightening descriptions. What’s more illuminating is to take a look at the specific ways in which Steve failed to do an effective job of tempering some of his weaknesses and antisocial traits, and to consider how, when, and why some of them continued to flare up even...

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A Sister’s Eulogy for Steve Jobs

I grew up as an only child, with a single mother. Because we were poor and because I knew my father had emigrated from Syria, I imagined he looked like Omar Sharif. I hoped he would be rich and kind and would come into our lives (and our not yet furnished apartment) and help us. Later, after I’d met my father, I tried to believe he’d changed his number and left no forwarding address because he was an idealistic revolutionary, plotting a new world for the Arab people. Even as a feminist, my whole life I’d been waiting for a man to love, who could love me. For decades, I’d thought that man would be my father. When I was 25, I met that man and he was my brother. By then, I lived in New York, where I was trying to write my first novel. I had a job at a small magazine in an office the size of a closet, with three other aspiring writers. When one day a lawyer called me — me, the middle-class girl from California who hassled the boss to buy us health insurance — and said his cl...

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巴菲特致股东信-1980年

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Steve Jobs at 44, By Michael Krantz, 1999

Differences and Similarities Between Apple and Pixar Apple turns out many products--a dozen a year; if you count all the minor ones, probably a hundred. Pixar is striving to turn out one a year. But the converse of that is that Pixar's products will still be used fifty years from now, whereas I don't think you'll be using any product Apple brings to market this year fifty years from now. Pixar is making art for the ages. Kids will be watching Toy Story in the future. And Apple is much more of a constant race to continually improve things and stay ahead of the competition. His Role At Pixar At Pixar my job is to help build the studio and recruit people and help create a situation where they can do the best work of their lives. And to some degree it's the same at Apple. But at Pixar, I don't direct the movies, whereas at Apple probably, if I had to pick a role out of a film production, I'd be the director. So it...

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巴菲特致股东信-1973年

笔记：在上一年度预测的今年竞争加剧导致利润下滑，真的发生了翻译Link：雪球：https://xueqiu.com/6217262310/131257618 备份：https://archive.ph/KIfdT 原文： To the Stockholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.: Our financial results for 1973 were satisfactory, with operating earnings of $11,930,592, producing a return of 17.4% on beginning stockholders' equity. Although operating earnings improved from $11.43 to $12.18 per share, earnings on equity decreased from the 19.8% of 1972. This decline occurred because the gain in earnings was not commensurate with the increase in shareholders' investment. We had forecast in last year's report that such a decline was likely. Unfortunately, our forecast proved to be correct. Our textile, banking, and most insurance operations had good years, but certain segments of the insurance business turned in poor results. Overall, our insurance business continues to be a most attractive area in which to employ capital. Management'...

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《Becoming Steve Jobs》Chapter 17 “Just Tell Them I’m Being an Asshole”

For several months, I had been working to set up a joint interview of Steve, Andy Grove, Bill Gates, and Michael Dell. The confab was supposed to kick off the reporting for a book I had in mind. I had what I thought was a snappy title—Founders Keepers—and a plan to describe how a handful of geeky entrepreneurs had evolved into captains of industry; how self-absorbed inventors morphed into self-taught empire builders; how shaggy-haired idealists managed to stay in the saddle even as the companies they created grew rapidly by orders of magnitude, and as their own wealth and influence over the world itself became far more than the stuff of dreams. 好可惜啊，这次采访没有成形 During this time, Steve came to visit me in the hospital a couple of times. I was so addled with sedatives and painkillers and my own delirious hallucinations that during one visit I expressed my sincerest regrets at not being able to play saxophone in a Beatles retrospective show he was planning to put on in Las Vegas with Ringo S...

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