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Raspberry Pi从零开始搭建低成本NAS(7)-Aria2远程下载

原文地址是：http://www.mkitby.com/2016/01/15/raspberry-pi-nas-remote-download-aria2/
对作者表示感谢，作者关于NAS的系列文章写的都很棒，可以一看

远程下载内容比较多，所以分为两篇文章，先介绍Aria2，再介绍迅雷。
Aria2是一个轻量级命令行下载工具，支持HTTP/HTTPS, FTP, SFTP, BitTorrent and Metalink下载，但是不支持ed2k，支持JSON-RPC和XML-RPC调用，可以远程控制。
1.先安装aria2
sudo apt-get install aria2 –y
2.创建 aria2 配置文件 “/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf” 和 “/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session” 这个文件 (我是以 pi 账户启动 aria2 的),
mkdir /home/pi/.aria2
touch /home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session
vim /home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf
配置文件内容如下。

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# 基本配置



# 下载目录



dir=/home/pi/nas-data/Inbox



# 下载从这个文件中找到的urls, 需自己建立这个文件



# touch /home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session



input-file=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session



# 最大同时下载任务数，默认 5



#max-concurrent-downloads=5



# 断点续传，只适用于 HTTP(S)/FTP



continue=true







# HTTP/FTP 配置



# 关闭连接如果下载速度等于或低于这个值，默认 0



#lowest-speed-limit=0



# 对于每个下载在同一个服务器上的连接数，默认 1



max-connection-per-server=5



# 每个文件最小分片大小，例如文件 20M，设置 size 为 10M, 则用2个连接下载，默认 20M



#min-split-size=10M



# 下载一个文件的连接数，默认 5



#split=5







# BT 特殊配置



# 启用本地节点查找，默认 false



bt-enable-lpd=true



# 指定最大文件数对于每个 bt 下载，默认 100



#bt-max-open-files=100



# 单种子最大连接数，默认 55



#bt-max-peers=55



# 设置最低的加密级别，可选全连接加密 arc4，默认是头加密 plain



#bt-min-crypto-level=plain



# 总是使用 obfuscation handshake，防迅雷必备，默认 false



bt-require-crypto=true



# 如果下载的是种子文件则自动解析并下载，默认 true



#follow-torrent=true



# 为 BT 下载设置 TCP 端口号，确保开放这些端口，默认 6881-6999



listen-port=65298



#Set UDP listening port used by DHT(IPv4, IPv6) and UDP tracker



dht-listen-port=65298



# 整体上传速度限制，0 表示不限制，默认 0



#max-overall-upload-limit=0



# 每个下载上传速度限制，默认 0



#max-upload-limit=0



# 种子分享率大于1, 则停止做种，默认 1.0



#seed-ratio=1



# 做种时间大于2小时，则停止做种



seed-time=120







# RPC 配置



# 开启 JSON-RPC/XML-RPC 服务，默认 false



enable-rpc=true



# 允许所有来源，web 界面跨域权限需要，默认 false



rpc-allow-origin-all=true



# 允许外部访问，默认 false



rpc-listen-all=true



# rpc 端口，默认 6800



rpc-listen-port=6800



# 设置最大的 JSON-RPC/XML-RPC 请求大小，默认 2M



#rpc-max-request-size=2M



# rpc 密码，可不设置



#rpc-passwd=raspberry



# rpc 用户名，可不设置



#rpc-user=aria2pi







# 高级配置



# This is useful if you have to use broken DNS and



# want to avoid terribly slow AAAA record lookup.



# 默认 false



disable-ipv6=true



# 指定文件分配方法，预分配能有效降低文件碎片，提高磁盘性能，缺点是预分配时间稍长



# 如果使用新的文件系统，例如 ext4 (with extents support), btrfs, xfs or NTFS(MinGW build only), falloc 是最好的选择



# 如果设置为 none，那么不预先分配文件空间，默认 prealloc



file-allocation=falloc



# 整体下载速度限制，默认 0



#max-overall-download-limit=0



# 每个下载下载速度限制，默认 0



#max-download-limit=0



# 保存错误或者未完成的下载到这个文件



# 和基本配置中的 input-file 一起使用，那么重启后仍可继续下载



save-session=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session



# 每5分钟自动保存错误或未完成的下载，如果为 0, 只有 aria2 正常退出才回保存，默认 0



save-session-interval=300







# 若要用于 PT 下载，需另外的配置，这里没写
RPC调用加入验证（外网调用最好加上验证），可以采用下面两种方式：
1) 使用token验证（建议使用，需要1.18.4以上版本，帐号密码方式将在后续版本中停用！）
# token验证
rpc-secret=secret
在YAAW中使用 http://token:secret@hostname:port/jsonrpc 的地址格式设置secret.
2 )如果需要使用密码验证（需要1.15.2以上，1.18.6以下版本）
#用户名
rpc-user=username
#密码
rpc-passwd=passwd
在YAAW中使用 http://username:passwd@hostname:port/jsonrpc 的地址格式设置密码.
3.运行 aria2, 测试配置是否有错误，如果没有提示任何错误信息，那就按Ctrl+C停止。
aria2c --conf-path=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf
4.为 aria2 添加自启动服务
1) 新建 sudo vim /etc/init.d/aria2c 文件，输入以下内容

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#! /bin/sh



# /etc/init.d/aria2c







### BEGIN INIT INFO



# Provides: aria2c



# Required-Start:    $network $local_fs $remote_fs



# Required-Stop:     $network $local_fs $remote_fs



# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5



# Default-Stop:      0 1 6



# Short-Description: aria2c RPC init script.



# Description: Starts and stops aria2 RPC services.



### END INIT INFO







#VAR



RUN="/usr/bin/aria2c"



ARIA_PID=$(ps ux | awk '/aria2c --daemon=true --enable-rpc/ && !/awk/ {print $2}')







# Carry out specific functions when asked to by the system



case "$1" in



  start)



    echo "Starting script aria2c "



    if [ -z "$ARIA_PID" ]; then



      $RUN --daemon=true --enable-rpc=true -D --conf-path=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf



      echo "Started"



    else



      echo "aria2c already started"



    fi



    ;;



  stop)



    echo "Stopping script aria2c"



    if [ ! -z "$ARIA_PID" ]; then



      kill $ARIA_PID



    fi



    echo "OK"



    ;;



  restart)



    echo "Restarting script aria2c"



    if [ ! -z "$ARIA_PID" ]; then



      kill $ARIA_PID



    fi



    sleep 3   # TODO:Maybe need to be adjust



    $RUN --daemon=true --enable-rpc=true -D --conf-path=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf



    echo "OK"



    ;;



  status)



    if [ ! -z "$ARIA_PID" ]; then



      echo "The aria2c is running with PID = "$ARIA_PID



    else



      echo "No process found for aria2c RPC"



    fi



    ;;



  *)



    echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/aria2c {start|stop|restart|status}"



    exit 1



    ;;



esac



exit 0
2) 添加可执行权限
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/aria2c
3) 然后更新rc，添加自启动服务
sudo update-rc.d aria2c defaults
4) 最后重启aria2c服务
sudo service aria2c restart
5.安装web 前端yaaw或者webui-aria2来实现web管理
yaaw 和 webui-aria2 都是不错的，yaaw 界面简洁，wubui-aria2 功能强大，可以根据自己的喜好来选择。
1) 首先需要安装需要安装 nginx
sudo apt-get install nginx –y
2) 接下来我们来配置nginx，首先打开配置文件，/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ，按照下面的配置进行修改。

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user www-data; #默认以www-data运行工作进程



worker_processes 1; #单工作进程足够了，就我自己访问



worker_connections 256; #一般支持100在线连接就达到raspberry pi的极限了



gzip on;  #gzip开启取消前面的#让默认设置生效即可，可以加快网页访问速度



gzip_disable "msie6";



gzip_vary on;



gzip_proxied any;



gzip_comp_level 6;



gzip_buffers 16 8k;



gzip_http_version 1.1;



gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
3) 配置站点属性
sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-availiable/default
输入，
server {
listen 81; # 访问端口号
#listen [::]:80 default_server; # 一定要注释掉，ipv6
server_name pi.com;
root /var/www/html; #站点存储位置
4) 测试配置文件看有没有问题
sudo nginx -t
如果没有问题会显示
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
5) 创建目录，然后设置权限
sudo mkdir /var/www && sudo mkdir /var/www/html
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html
sudo chmod -R 0755 /var/www/html
6) 下载webui-aria2
sudo git clone https://github.com/ziahamza/webui-aria2.git /var/www/html/
7) 重新启动nginx服务
sudo service nginx restart
到这一步了，现在我们通过http://192.168.1.118:81/webui-aria2/ 来访问，如果提示链接到aria2 RPC server失败，重启aria2c服务，然后刷新网页即可。
6.Aria2定时下载功能
1) 首先创建定时下载脚本，sudo vim /home/pi/.aria2/aria2_auto.py，输入如下内容，

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#!/usr/bin/env python



import urllib2, json, time







WEEKDAY = int(time.strftime('%w'))



HOUR = int(time.strftime('%H'))



jsonreq_pauseAll   = json.dumps({'jsonrpc':'2.0', 'id':'qwer','method':'aria2.pauseAll'})



jsonreq_unpauseAll = json.dumps({'jsonrpc':'2.0', 'id':'qwer','method':'aria2.unpauseAll'})







if WEEKDAY in [1,2,3,4,5]:



  if HOUR == 1:



    urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', jsonreq_unpauseAll)



  if HOUR == 17:



    urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', jsonreq_pauseAll)







if WEEKDAY in [6,0]:



  if HOUR == 2:



    urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', jsonreq_unpauseAll)



  if HOUR == 9:



urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', jsonreq_pauseAll)
上面代码的意思就是周一到周五1:00~17:00，周末两天2:00~9:00，开启全部下载任务，其他时间暂停全部下载任务。然后加入cron实现定时运行
sudo crontab -e
在文件末尾加入
0 * * * * /usr/bin/python2 /home/pi/.aria2/aria2_auto.py
表示每个小时运行一次脚本。
7.BT端口映射
上面BT监听TCP, UDP端口都为65298，需要在路由器里面设置端口映射，服务端口号填65298，IP地址填树莓派内网IP地址192.168.1.118。
8.外网访问webui-aria2
下面会考虑三种典型的网络环境，前提都是路由器WAN是公网IP。
第一种网络环境：
Raspberry Pi的本地网络供应商80, 8080端口没有被封，从外网能正常访问，这个最简单了，修改树莓派nginx站点属性配置，把端口改为80, 然后在路由器上设置端口映射，80端口映射到树莓派上，然后路由器绑定动态域名，这样通过动态域名就可以在外网直接访问Aria2。
第二种网络环境：
Raspberry Pi的本地网络供应商80, 8080端口被封，你所在其他网络能正常访问外网，修改树莓派nginx站点属性配置，把端口改为81（或者其他能访问的端口），同样在路由上设置端口映射，绑定动态域名。
第三种网络环境：
Raspberry Pi的本地网络供应商80, 8080端口被封，公司只开放80, 8080端口。那么如何在公司畅快的远程下载呢？下面介绍我是如何实现的：
1) 首先需要有一台VPS，通过搭建nginx反向代理服务来实现远程下载。
配置nginx
sudo vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf


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user nginx;



worker_processes 1;



#error_log logs/error.log;



#pid logs/nginx.pid;



worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;



events {



    use epoll;



    worker_connections 65535;



}



http {



    include mime.types;



    default_type application/octet-stream;



    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;



    sendfile on;



    keepalive_timeout 65;



    gzip on;



    client_max_body_size 50m;



    client_body_buffer_size 256k;



    client_header_timeout 3m;



    client_body_timeout 3m;



    send_timeout 3m;



    proxy_connect_timeout 300s;



    proxy_read_timeout 300s;



    proxy_send_timeout 300s;



    proxy_buffer_size 64k;



    proxy_buffers 4 32k;



    proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;



    proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;



    proxy_ignore_client_abort on;



}
2) 创建反向代理配置文件
sudo vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/reverser-proxy.conf
输入内容

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server



{



    listen 8080;



    server_name xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx; #VPS IP Address



    location / {



        proxy_redirect off;



        proxy_set_header Host $host;



        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;



        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;



        proxy_pass http://xxxx.oicp.net:6800;  # RPC web address, http://xxxx.oicp.net 为动态域名



    }



}







server



{



    listen 80;



    server_name xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx; #VPS IP Address



    location / {



        proxy_redirect off;



        proxy_set_header Host $host;



        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;



        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;



        proxy_pass http://xxxx.oicp.net:81; #aria2 web gui



    }



}
3) 路由器添加端口映射，81(webgui), 6800(rpc)端口。
4) 通过http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 访问aria2 web gui, aria2采用token验证，通过http://token:secret@ xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080/jsonrpc访问RPC, xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx为VPS IP地址。

这三种情况下都需要动态域名来绑定到路由器IP地址。关于动态域名，如果不清楚的，可以参考我后面的文章 Raspberry Pi从零开始搭建低成本NAS(9)-外网登录树莓派。里面会介绍动态域名，还会介绍不通过动态域名，如何在外网来访问树莓派。

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Interviewer: what is it about this machine? Why is this machine so interesting? Why has it been so influential? Jobs: Ah ahm, I'll give you my point of view on it. I remember reading a magazine article a long time ago ah when I was ah twelve years ago maybe, in I think it was Scientific American . I'm not sure. And the article ahm proposed to measure the efficiency of locomotion for ah lots of species on planet earth to see which species was the most efficient at getting from point A to point B. Ah and they measured the kilocalories that each one expended. So ah they ranked them all and I remember that ahm...ah the Condor, Condor was the most efficient at [CLEARS THROAT] getting from point A to point B. And humankind, the crown of creation came in with a rather unimpressive showing about a third of the way down...
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产品随想 | 周刊 第69期：Do not go gentle into that good night

Products Windows Apps That Amaze Us   https://amazing-apps.gitbook.io/windows-apps-that-amaze-us/ 令人精细的Windows App 文物出版社   https://book.douban.com/press/2456/ 这是一个宝藏出版社，出品书籍质量非常高，大开眼界 blind   https://www.teamblind.com/ 老外的匿名职场社交工具，挺有意思，看看硅谷的meme 中国科学技术大学测速网站   https://test.ustc.edu.cn/ 看着还不错，挺靠谱的 底层代码是LibreSpeed   https://github.com/librespeed/speedtest 能不能好好说话？   https://github.com/itorr/nbnhhsh 也是我的一个痛点 Tree Style Tab (aka TST)   https://github.com/piroor/treestyletab 一个超强的浏览器扩展插件，树状呈现浏览器标签 Failory Pitch Decks   https://www.failory.com/pitch-deck 超级多的融资计划投资板，Pitch Book AutoCut   https://github.com/mli/autocut 用文本编辑器剪视频 全网漫游指南   https://tagly.notion.site/tagly/a333efd8c3e54e12b123acd541e8d3e6 数字时代的指引，希望他们成功 IT eBooks   https://it-ebooks.info/ IT书籍下载 ToastFish   https://github.com/Uahh/ToastFish 一个利用摸鱼时间背单词的软件。 利用Win10通知栏，出现、背单词 Ideas 沈向洋：IDEA 如何找到创新的「甜区」   https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/OlI5VUxQKU_ijWZClQCG0Q AIGC How Did Nor...
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产品随想 | 周刊 第90期：史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚

Why AI Will Save the World   https://a16z.com/2023/06/06/ai-will-save-the-world/ Marc Andreessen的雄文，十分有說服力，邏輯清晰 辯證了現今AI監管拋出的5個可能的AI問題 讀的過程中，腦海裏浮現的都是編程隨想那篇文章 为什么马克思是错的？——全面批判马列主义的知名著作导读   https://program-think.blogspot.com/2018/09/Book-Review-The-Errors-of-Marxism-Leninism.html 兩者的思維鏈條、敘事方式，非常相似 人民聖殿教   https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/人民圣殿教?useskin=vector 瓊斯自稱是神的化身，幾千年前轉世為釋迦牟尼，創建了佛教；後來又轉世為耶穌基督，創建了基督教；之後短期化身轉世為巴孛，建立巴哈伊信仰；最後轉世為列寧，將社會主義發揚光大。 邪教徒聲稱自己轉世成了列寧，這說明了什麼？ Apple Vision   https://stratechery.com/2023/apple-vision Omnivore   https://github.com/omnivore-app/omnivore Omnivore is a complete, open source read-it-later solution for people who like reading. How the YouTube Algorithm Works in 2023: The Complete Guide   https://blog.hootsuite.com/how-the-youtube-algorithm-works/#A_brief_history_of_the_YouTube_algorithm 外人眼中的YouTube推薦算法變遷 Histography   https://histography.io/ “Histography" is interactive timeline that spans across 14 billion years of history, f...
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巴菲特致股东信-1975年

 笔记： 华盛顿邮报已成为伯克希尔第一重仓股 翻译： 雪球：https://xueqiu.com/6217262310/131409324 备份：https://archive.ph/4hgK3 原文： To the Stockholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.: Last year, when discussing the prospects for 1975, we stated “the outlook for 1975 is not encouraging.” This forecast proved to be distressingly accurate. Our operating earnings for 1975 were $6,713,592, or $6.85 per share, producing a return on beginning shareholders ’ equity of 7.6%. This is the lowest return on equity experienced since 1967. Furthermore, as explained later in this letter, a large segment of these earnings resulted from Federal income tax refunds which will not be available to assist performance in 1976. On balance, however, current trends indicate a somewhat brighter 1976. Operations and prospects will be discussed in greater detail below, under specific industry titles. Our expectation is that significantly better results in textiles, earnings added from recent acquisitio...
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