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Raspberry Pi从零开始搭建低成本NAS(7)-Aria2远程下载

原文地址是：http://www.mkitby.com/2016/01/15/raspberry-pi-nas-remote-download-aria2/
对作者表示感谢，作者关于NAS的系列文章写的都很棒，可以一看

远程下载内容比较多，所以分为两篇文章，先介绍Aria2，再介绍迅雷。
Aria2是一个轻量级命令行下载工具，支持HTTP/HTTPS, FTP, SFTP, BitTorrent and Metalink下载，但是不支持ed2k，支持JSON-RPC和XML-RPC调用，可以远程控制。
1.先安装aria2
sudo apt-get install aria2 –y
2.创建 aria2 配置文件 “/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf” 和 “/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session” 这个文件 (我是以 pi 账户启动 aria2 的),
mkdir /home/pi/.aria2
touch /home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session
vim /home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf
配置文件内容如下。

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# 基本配置



# 下载目录



dir=/home/pi/nas-data/Inbox



# 下载从这个文件中找到的urls, 需自己建立这个文件



# touch /home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session



input-file=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session



# 最大同时下载任务数，默认 5



#max-concurrent-downloads=5



# 断点续传，只适用于 HTTP(S)/FTP



continue=true







# HTTP/FTP 配置



# 关闭连接如果下载速度等于或低于这个值，默认 0



#lowest-speed-limit=0



# 对于每个下载在同一个服务器上的连接数，默认 1



max-connection-per-server=5



# 每个文件最小分片大小，例如文件 20M，设置 size 为 10M, 则用2个连接下载，默认 20M



#min-split-size=10M



# 下载一个文件的连接数，默认 5



#split=5







# BT 特殊配置



# 启用本地节点查找，默认 false



bt-enable-lpd=true



# 指定最大文件数对于每个 bt 下载，默认 100



#bt-max-open-files=100



# 单种子最大连接数，默认 55



#bt-max-peers=55



# 设置最低的加密级别，可选全连接加密 arc4，默认是头加密 plain



#bt-min-crypto-level=plain



# 总是使用 obfuscation handshake，防迅雷必备，默认 false



bt-require-crypto=true



# 如果下载的是种子文件则自动解析并下载，默认 true



#follow-torrent=true



# 为 BT 下载设置 TCP 端口号，确保开放这些端口，默认 6881-6999



listen-port=65298



#Set UDP listening port used by DHT(IPv4, IPv6) and UDP tracker



dht-listen-port=65298



# 整体上传速度限制，0 表示不限制，默认 0



#max-overall-upload-limit=0



# 每个下载上传速度限制，默认 0



#max-upload-limit=0



# 种子分享率大于1, 则停止做种，默认 1.0



#seed-ratio=1



# 做种时间大于2小时，则停止做种



seed-time=120







# RPC 配置



# 开启 JSON-RPC/XML-RPC 服务，默认 false



enable-rpc=true



# 允许所有来源，web 界面跨域权限需要，默认 false



rpc-allow-origin-all=true



# 允许外部访问，默认 false



rpc-listen-all=true



# rpc 端口，默认 6800



rpc-listen-port=6800



# 设置最大的 JSON-RPC/XML-RPC 请求大小，默认 2M



#rpc-max-request-size=2M



# rpc 密码，可不设置



#rpc-passwd=raspberry



# rpc 用户名，可不设置



#rpc-user=aria2pi







# 高级配置



# This is useful if you have to use broken DNS and



# want to avoid terribly slow AAAA record lookup.



# 默认 false



disable-ipv6=true



# 指定文件分配方法，预分配能有效降低文件碎片，提高磁盘性能，缺点是预分配时间稍长



# 如果使用新的文件系统，例如 ext4 (with extents support), btrfs, xfs or NTFS(MinGW build only), falloc 是最好的选择



# 如果设置为 none，那么不预先分配文件空间，默认 prealloc



file-allocation=falloc



# 整体下载速度限制，默认 0



#max-overall-download-limit=0



# 每个下载下载速度限制，默认 0



#max-download-limit=0



# 保存错误或者未完成的下载到这个文件



# 和基本配置中的 input-file 一起使用，那么重启后仍可继续下载



save-session=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session



# 每5分钟自动保存错误或未完成的下载，如果为 0, 只有 aria2 正常退出才回保存，默认 0



save-session-interval=300







# 若要用于 PT 下载，需另外的配置，这里没写
RPC调用加入验证（外网调用最好加上验证），可以采用下面两种方式：
1) 使用token验证（建议使用，需要1.18.4以上版本，帐号密码方式将在后续版本中停用！）
# token验证
rpc-secret=secret
在YAAW中使用 http://token:secret@hostname:port/jsonrpc 的地址格式设置secret.
2 )如果需要使用密码验证（需要1.15.2以上，1.18.6以下版本）
#用户名
rpc-user=username
#密码
rpc-passwd=passwd
在YAAW中使用 http://username:passwd@hostname:port/jsonrpc 的地址格式设置密码.
3.运行 aria2, 测试配置是否有错误，如果没有提示任何错误信息，那就按Ctrl+C停止。
aria2c --conf-path=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf
4.为 aria2 添加自启动服务
1) 新建 sudo vim /etc/init.d/aria2c 文件，输入以下内容

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#! /bin/sh



# /etc/init.d/aria2c







### BEGIN INIT INFO



# Provides: aria2c



# Required-Start:    $network $local_fs $remote_fs



# Required-Stop:     $network $local_fs $remote_fs



# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5



# Default-Stop:      0 1 6



# Short-Description: aria2c RPC init script.



# Description: Starts and stops aria2 RPC services.



### END INIT INFO







#VAR



RUN="/usr/bin/aria2c"



ARIA_PID=$(ps ux | awk '/aria2c --daemon=true --enable-rpc/ && !/awk/ {print $2}')







# Carry out specific functions when asked to by the system



case "$1" in



  start)



    echo "Starting script aria2c "



    if [ -z "$ARIA_PID" ]; then



      $RUN --daemon=true --enable-rpc=true -D --conf-path=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf



      echo "Started"



    else



      echo "aria2c already started"



    fi



    ;;



  stop)



    echo "Stopping script aria2c"



    if [ ! -z "$ARIA_PID" ]; then



      kill $ARIA_PID



    fi



    echo "OK"



    ;;



  restart)



    echo "Restarting script aria2c"



    if [ ! -z "$ARIA_PID" ]; then



      kill $ARIA_PID



    fi



    sleep 3   # TODO:Maybe need to be adjust



    $RUN --daemon=true --enable-rpc=true -D --conf-path=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf



    echo "OK"



    ;;



  status)



    if [ ! -z "$ARIA_PID" ]; then



      echo "The aria2c is running with PID = "$ARIA_PID



    else



      echo "No process found for aria2c RPC"



    fi



    ;;



  *)



    echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/aria2c {start|stop|restart|status}"



    exit 1



    ;;



esac



exit 0
2) 添加可执行权限
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/aria2c
3) 然后更新rc，添加自启动服务
sudo update-rc.d aria2c defaults
4) 最后重启aria2c服务
sudo service aria2c restart
5.安装web 前端yaaw或者webui-aria2来实现web管理
yaaw 和 webui-aria2 都是不错的，yaaw 界面简洁，wubui-aria2 功能强大，可以根据自己的喜好来选择。
1) 首先需要安装需要安装 nginx
sudo apt-get install nginx –y
2) 接下来我们来配置nginx，首先打开配置文件，/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ，按照下面的配置进行修改。

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user www-data; #默认以www-data运行工作进程



worker_processes 1; #单工作进程足够了，就我自己访问



worker_connections 256; #一般支持100在线连接就达到raspberry pi的极限了



gzip on;  #gzip开启取消前面的#让默认设置生效即可，可以加快网页访问速度



gzip_disable "msie6";



gzip_vary on;



gzip_proxied any;



gzip_comp_level 6;



gzip_buffers 16 8k;



gzip_http_version 1.1;



gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
3) 配置站点属性
sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-availiable/default
输入，
server {
listen 81; # 访问端口号
#listen [::]:80 default_server; # 一定要注释掉，ipv6
server_name pi.com;
root /var/www/html; #站点存储位置
4) 测试配置文件看有没有问题
sudo nginx -t
如果没有问题会显示
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
5) 创建目录，然后设置权限
sudo mkdir /var/www && sudo mkdir /var/www/html
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html
sudo chmod -R 0755 /var/www/html
6) 下载webui-aria2
sudo git clone https://github.com/ziahamza/webui-aria2.git /var/www/html/
7) 重新启动nginx服务
sudo service nginx restart
到这一步了，现在我们通过http://192.168.1.118:81/webui-aria2/ 来访问，如果提示链接到aria2 RPC server失败，重启aria2c服务，然后刷新网页即可。
6.Aria2定时下载功能
1) 首先创建定时下载脚本，sudo vim /home/pi/.aria2/aria2_auto.py，输入如下内容，

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#!/usr/bin/env python



import urllib2, json, time







WEEKDAY = int(time.strftime('%w'))



HOUR = int(time.strftime('%H'))



jsonreq_pauseAll   = json.dumps({'jsonrpc':'2.0', 'id':'qwer','method':'aria2.pauseAll'})



jsonreq_unpauseAll = json.dumps({'jsonrpc':'2.0', 'id':'qwer','method':'aria2.unpauseAll'})







if WEEKDAY in [1,2,3,4,5]:



  if HOUR == 1:



    urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', jsonreq_unpauseAll)



  if HOUR == 17:



    urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', jsonreq_pauseAll)







if WEEKDAY in [6,0]:



  if HOUR == 2:



    urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', jsonreq_unpauseAll)



  if HOUR == 9:



urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', jsonreq_pauseAll)
上面代码的意思就是周一到周五1:00~17:00，周末两天2:00~9:00，开启全部下载任务，其他时间暂停全部下载任务。然后加入cron实现定时运行
sudo crontab -e
在文件末尾加入
0 * * * * /usr/bin/python2 /home/pi/.aria2/aria2_auto.py
表示每个小时运行一次脚本。
7.BT端口映射
上面BT监听TCP, UDP端口都为65298，需要在路由器里面设置端口映射，服务端口号填65298，IP地址填树莓派内网IP地址192.168.1.118。
8.外网访问webui-aria2
下面会考虑三种典型的网络环境，前提都是路由器WAN是公网IP。
第一种网络环境：
Raspberry Pi的本地网络供应商80, 8080端口没有被封，从外网能正常访问，这个最简单了，修改树莓派nginx站点属性配置，把端口改为80, 然后在路由器上设置端口映射，80端口映射到树莓派上，然后路由器绑定动态域名，这样通过动态域名就可以在外网直接访问Aria2。
第二种网络环境：
Raspberry Pi的本地网络供应商80, 8080端口被封，你所在其他网络能正常访问外网，修改树莓派nginx站点属性配置，把端口改为81（或者其他能访问的端口），同样在路由上设置端口映射，绑定动态域名。
第三种网络环境：
Raspberry Pi的本地网络供应商80, 8080端口被封，公司只开放80, 8080端口。那么如何在公司畅快的远程下载呢？下面介绍我是如何实现的：
1) 首先需要有一台VPS，通过搭建nginx反向代理服务来实现远程下载。
配置nginx
sudo vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf


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user nginx;



worker_processes 1;



#error_log logs/error.log;



#pid logs/nginx.pid;



worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;



events {



    use epoll;



    worker_connections 65535;



}



http {



    include mime.types;



    default_type application/octet-stream;



    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;



    sendfile on;



    keepalive_timeout 65;



    gzip on;



    client_max_body_size 50m;



    client_body_buffer_size 256k;



    client_header_timeout 3m;



    client_body_timeout 3m;



    send_timeout 3m;



    proxy_connect_timeout 300s;



    proxy_read_timeout 300s;



    proxy_send_timeout 300s;



    proxy_buffer_size 64k;



    proxy_buffers 4 32k;



    proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;



    proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;



    proxy_ignore_client_abort on;



}
2) 创建反向代理配置文件
sudo vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/reverser-proxy.conf
输入内容

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server



{



    listen 8080;



    server_name xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx; #VPS IP Address



    location / {



        proxy_redirect off;



        proxy_set_header Host $host;



        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;



        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;



        proxy_pass http://xxxx.oicp.net:6800;  # RPC web address, http://xxxx.oicp.net 为动态域名



    }



}







server



{



    listen 80;



    server_name xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx; #VPS IP Address



    location / {



        proxy_redirect off;



        proxy_set_header Host $host;



        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;



        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;



        proxy_pass http://xxxx.oicp.net:81; #aria2 web gui



    }



}
3) 路由器添加端口映射，81(webgui), 6800(rpc)端口。
4) 通过http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 访问aria2 web gui, aria2采用token验证，通过http://token:secret@ xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080/jsonrpc访问RPC, xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx为VPS IP地址。

这三种情况下都需要动态域名来绑定到路由器IP地址。关于动态域名，如果不清楚的，可以参考我后面的文章 Raspberry Pi从零开始搭建低成本NAS(9)-外网登录树莓派。里面会介绍动态域名，还会介绍不通过动态域名，如何在外网来访问树莓派。

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产品随想 | 周刊 第108期：Invent instruments that don't exist. Invent sounds that don't exist

  J. Paul Getty Museum   https://artsandculture.google.com/pocketgallery/DAWRu4WOO5gsew?hl=en 这有可能是Apple Vision Pro的优雅应用 The Mycroft Project   https://mycroftproject.com/ OpenSearch标准，来自Apple Sherlock的遗产，一切开始连接 'Artifacts' book   https://shop.porsche.com/gb/en-GB/p/-artifacts-book-P-MAP09000723-B/MAP09000723 认识更多保时捷 Deep Learning System & AI System   https://github.com/chenzomi12/DeepLearningSystem Deep Learning System core principles introduction. Betterfox   https://github.com/yokoffing/Betterfox Firefox user.js for speed, privacy, and security. Your favorite browser, but better. Browsers for Daily Using   https://anhkhoakz.neocities.org/blog/browsers-for-daily-using/ In 2010, a New York Times reporter had a conversation that revealed a lot about the life of the founder of Apple. Nick Bilton commented, “Your kids must love the iPad, right?” After the launch of the device. Jobs replied, “They haven't used it. We limit the amount of technology our ...
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Steve Jobs: `There's Sanity Returning', 1998

Nobody can doubt the charisma of Steven P. Jobs. The interim CEO of Apple Computer Inc., who returned to the company last July after his ignominious 1985 ouster, has brought back his legendary vision, impatience, and infectious passion for the Macintosh. Jobs spoke to Business Week Correspondent Andy Reinhardt in Apple's stark, fourth-floor boardroom, just after the company rolled out its new software strategy on May 11. Note: This is an extended, online-only version of the Q&A that appears in the May 25, 1998, issue of Business Week. Q: Now that you've introduced the new, bold-looking iMac, are you going to do some radically different products? A: There's a lot of talk about such things -- about handhelds, set-top boxes. A lot of computer companies have been searching for a consumer product. My view is that the personal computer has been the most successful consumer product of the last 10 years. What we have to do, what the industry stopp...
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Steve Jobs talks about the difference between art and technology

  When asked by   Time   magazine about the difference between art and technology, Jobs said, “I’ve never believed that they’re separate. Leonardo da Vinci was a great artist and a great scientist. Michelangelo knew a tremendous amount about how to cut stone at the quarry. The finest dozen computer scientists I know are all musicians. Some are better than others, but they all consider that an important part of their life. I don’t believe that the best people in any of these fields see themselves as one branch of a forked tree. I just don’t see that. People bring these things together a lot. Dr. Land at Polaroid said, ‘I want Polaroid to stand at the intersection of art and science,’ and I’ve never forgotten that. I think that that’s possible, and I think a lot of people have tried.”
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2018各行业应届生薪资不完全样本往期汇总-职场红领巾

文章来源自职场红领巾公众号2018.4.21日推送，在此表示感谢 产品岗 百度商业产品 14K*14 拼多多产品管培 12K*14 今日头条产品 16K*18 头条PM整个Package接近300K/年 美团产品Offer 14K*16 base上海 百度产品研究生 11.5K*14.6 base 上海 京东产品17K*13 百度产品 220K/年 网易 产品培训生 硕士 15K*18 SP base杭州 不知名互联网公司校招PM 12K*15 base北京 技术岗 微软 软件工程师 本科 260K/年 蚂蚁金服算法工程师 20K*16 拼多多开发本科400K/年 商汤科技本科技术岗 14K/月 税前 海康威视研究院 算法工程师 220K/年 微信算法岗 SP 360K/年 的package 今日头条 程序员 研究生 10K/月 base北京 滴滴程序员 16K*16 亚马逊 小四年经验 研发 50K/月 Facebook应届毕业生  软件开发工程师   打包 115k$/年（30%-40%税） base湾区 京东算法 普通Offer 234K/年 运营岗 滴滴北京运营岗 硕士 12K*15 奖金另算 网易游戏运营 150K/年 左右 网易运营 8K*13（奖金0~3个月） 网易新闻运营8K/月 腾讯游戏运营 本科6K/月 上海京东时尚本科8K/月 京东运营岗 11K/月 base北京亦庄总部 今日头条 渠道营销运营 6K/月（加房补） 网易考拉 活动运营 13K*16 OFO城市运营管培13K*14 爱范儿运营 8K/月 滴滴长三角某二线城市运营管培生 薪资 7.6K*13 +每个月40%绩效 货车帮 数据运营 12K/月 卡宾电商 管培 10K/月 含浮动绩效 曹操专车 运营管培生  加各种补贴税前5.4K/月  base杭州 京东金融海龟回来8K/月 北京蓝港互动...
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产品随想 | 周刊 第125期：We pass the whole company

【全方位解读】Material You，安卓设计语言7年以来最大更新   https://www.woshipm.com/pd/4645358.html 背后在推动的那批设计师，来自Palm OS Packy McCormick, one man show   https://meridian.mercury.com/packy-mccormick-one-man-show 非常喜欢这类缓缓到来的叙述方式 SMS Activate   https://sms-activate.guru/cn 短信激活服务 中国历朝代视频讲解   https://www.historyline.online/ 交互非常赞的网站 "Mac mini Pro" enclosure for M4 Mac mini   https://makerworld.com/en/models/756063#profileId-704491 Mac Mini的酷炫外壳 嚴搏非   https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/严搏非?useskin=vector 季风图书创始人 FlClash   https://github.com/chen08209/FlClash A multi-platform proxy client based on ClashMeta,simple and easy to use, open-source and ad-free. GUI.for.Clash   https://github.com/GUI-for-Cores/GUI.for.Clash A GUI program developed by vue3 + wails. mihomo-party   https://github.com/mihomo-party-org/mihomo-party Another Mihomo GUI. Create a brand like Apple's by asking these simple questions   https://www.brandstrategysarah.com/blog/Apple-brand-strategy Invisib...
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《Becoming Steve Jobs》Chapter 15 The Whole Widget

What the world did see was an effective and visionary leader at the height of his powers. These were complicated years for Apple, but Steve handled almost every challenge in exactly the manner he wanted. He had fallen into leadership at such a young age, but he was comfortable in that role now, and justifiably sure of his capacity to guide Apple’s tens of thousands of employees to the goals he set for them. During these years, he would ensure the company’s continued success in personal computers by engineering a deft switch to a new kind of microprocessor; ruthlessly and successfully managing some major transitions in his executive team; and optimizing and building upon the efficiency and ambition of the company’s product development “treadmill,” as Tim Cook describes it. This is also when he delivered what is likely to be remembered as the most notable product of his life, the iPhone, and then improved even that by pivoting once again into a strategy he personally had not wanted to pu...
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产品随想 | 周刊 第117期：He saw the intersection of art and science and business and built an organization to reflect that.

He disliked biography attempts. “I regard my scientific papers as my essential biography,’’ Land said. “I pour my whole life into the scientific project I’m investigating. I leave behind the things I’ve done in the past to do the work in the present.’’ “The purpose of inventing instant photography was essentially aesthetic,’’ Land said in 1947, announcing the process’s invention. “We live in a world changing so rapidly that what we mean frequently by common sense is doing the thing that would have been right last year.” — Edwin Land, Statement to Polaroid Corporation employees (25 June 1958) The worldview he was describing perfectly echoed Land’s: “Market research is what you do when your product isn’t any good.” And his sense of innovation: “Every significant invention,” Land once said, “must be startling, unexpected, and must come into a world that is not prepared for it. If the world were prepared for it, it would not be much of an invention.” Thirty years later, when a reporter ask...
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