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Raspberry Pi从零开始搭建低成本NAS(7)-Aria2远程下载

原文地址是：http://www.mkitby.com/2016/01/15/raspberry-pi-nas-remote-download-aria2/
对作者表示感谢，作者关于NAS的系列文章写的都很棒，可以一看

远程下载内容比较多，所以分为两篇文章，先介绍Aria2，再介绍迅雷。
Aria2是一个轻量级命令行下载工具，支持HTTP/HTTPS, FTP, SFTP, BitTorrent and Metalink下载，但是不支持ed2k，支持JSON-RPC和XML-RPC调用，可以远程控制。
1.先安装aria2
sudo apt-get install aria2 –y
2.创建 aria2 配置文件 “/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf” 和 “/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session” 这个文件 (我是以 pi 账户启动 aria2 的),
mkdir /home/pi/.aria2
touch /home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session
vim /home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf
配置文件内容如下。

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# 基本配置



# 下载目录



dir=/home/pi/nas-data/Inbox



# 下载从这个文件中找到的urls, 需自己建立这个文件



# touch /home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session



input-file=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session



# 最大同时下载任务数，默认 5



#max-concurrent-downloads=5



# 断点续传，只适用于 HTTP(S)/FTP



continue=true







# HTTP/FTP 配置



# 关闭连接如果下载速度等于或低于这个值，默认 0



#lowest-speed-limit=0



# 对于每个下载在同一个服务器上的连接数，默认 1



max-connection-per-server=5



# 每个文件最小分片大小，例如文件 20M，设置 size 为 10M, 则用2个连接下载，默认 20M



#min-split-size=10M



# 下载一个文件的连接数，默认 5



#split=5







# BT 特殊配置



# 启用本地节点查找，默认 false



bt-enable-lpd=true



# 指定最大文件数对于每个 bt 下载，默认 100



#bt-max-open-files=100



# 单种子最大连接数，默认 55



#bt-max-peers=55



# 设置最低的加密级别，可选全连接加密 arc4，默认是头加密 plain



#bt-min-crypto-level=plain



# 总是使用 obfuscation handshake，防迅雷必备，默认 false



bt-require-crypto=true



# 如果下载的是种子文件则自动解析并下载，默认 true



#follow-torrent=true



# 为 BT 下载设置 TCP 端口号，确保开放这些端口，默认 6881-6999



listen-port=65298



#Set UDP listening port used by DHT(IPv4, IPv6) and UDP tracker



dht-listen-port=65298



# 整体上传速度限制，0 表示不限制，默认 0



#max-overall-upload-limit=0



# 每个下载上传速度限制，默认 0



#max-upload-limit=0



# 种子分享率大于1, 则停止做种，默认 1.0



#seed-ratio=1



# 做种时间大于2小时，则停止做种



seed-time=120







# RPC 配置



# 开启 JSON-RPC/XML-RPC 服务，默认 false



enable-rpc=true



# 允许所有来源，web 界面跨域权限需要，默认 false



rpc-allow-origin-all=true



# 允许外部访问，默认 false



rpc-listen-all=true



# rpc 端口，默认 6800



rpc-listen-port=6800



# 设置最大的 JSON-RPC/XML-RPC 请求大小，默认 2M



#rpc-max-request-size=2M



# rpc 密码，可不设置



#rpc-passwd=raspberry



# rpc 用户名，可不设置



#rpc-user=aria2pi







# 高级配置



# This is useful if you have to use broken DNS and



# want to avoid terribly slow AAAA record lookup.



# 默认 false



disable-ipv6=true



# 指定文件分配方法，预分配能有效降低文件碎片，提高磁盘性能，缺点是预分配时间稍长



# 如果使用新的文件系统，例如 ext4 (with extents support), btrfs, xfs or NTFS(MinGW build only), falloc 是最好的选择



# 如果设置为 none，那么不预先分配文件空间，默认 prealloc



file-allocation=falloc



# 整体下载速度限制，默认 0



#max-overall-download-limit=0



# 每个下载下载速度限制，默认 0



#max-download-limit=0



# 保存错误或者未完成的下载到这个文件



# 和基本配置中的 input-file 一起使用，那么重启后仍可继续下载



save-session=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session



# 每5分钟自动保存错误或未完成的下载，如果为 0, 只有 aria2 正常退出才回保存，默认 0



save-session-interval=300







# 若要用于 PT 下载，需另外的配置，这里没写
RPC调用加入验证（外网调用最好加上验证），可以采用下面两种方式：
1) 使用token验证（建议使用，需要1.18.4以上版本，帐号密码方式将在后续版本中停用！）
# token验证
rpc-secret=secret
在YAAW中使用 http://token:secret@hostname:port/jsonrpc 的地址格式设置secret.
2 )如果需要使用密码验证（需要1.15.2以上，1.18.6以下版本）
#用户名
rpc-user=username
#密码
rpc-passwd=passwd
在YAAW中使用 http://username:passwd@hostname:port/jsonrpc 的地址格式设置密码.
3.运行 aria2, 测试配置是否有错误，如果没有提示任何错误信息，那就按Ctrl+C停止。
aria2c --conf-path=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf
4.为 aria2 添加自启动服务
1) 新建 sudo vim /etc/init.d/aria2c 文件，输入以下内容

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#! /bin/sh



# /etc/init.d/aria2c







### BEGIN INIT INFO



# Provides: aria2c



# Required-Start:    $network $local_fs $remote_fs



# Required-Stop:     $network $local_fs $remote_fs



# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5



# Default-Stop:      0 1 6



# Short-Description: aria2c RPC init script.



# Description: Starts and stops aria2 RPC services.



### END INIT INFO







#VAR



RUN="/usr/bin/aria2c"



ARIA_PID=$(ps ux | awk '/aria2c --daemon=true --enable-rpc/ && !/awk/ {print $2}')







# Carry out specific functions when asked to by the system



case "$1" in



  start)



    echo "Starting script aria2c "



    if [ -z "$ARIA_PID" ]; then



      $RUN --daemon=true --enable-rpc=true -D --conf-path=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf



      echo "Started"



    else



      echo "aria2c already started"



    fi



    ;;



  stop)



    echo "Stopping script aria2c"



    if [ ! -z "$ARIA_PID" ]; then



      kill $ARIA_PID



    fi



    echo "OK"



    ;;



  restart)



    echo "Restarting script aria2c"



    if [ ! -z "$ARIA_PID" ]; then



      kill $ARIA_PID



    fi



    sleep 3   # TODO:Maybe need to be adjust



    $RUN --daemon=true --enable-rpc=true -D --conf-path=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf



    echo "OK"



    ;;



  status)



    if [ ! -z "$ARIA_PID" ]; then



      echo "The aria2c is running with PID = "$ARIA_PID



    else



      echo "No process found for aria2c RPC"



    fi



    ;;



  *)



    echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/aria2c {start|stop|restart|status}"



    exit 1



    ;;



esac



exit 0
2) 添加可执行权限
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/aria2c
3) 然后更新rc，添加自启动服务
sudo update-rc.d aria2c defaults
4) 最后重启aria2c服务
sudo service aria2c restart
5.安装web 前端yaaw或者webui-aria2来实现web管理
yaaw 和 webui-aria2 都是不错的，yaaw 界面简洁，wubui-aria2 功能强大，可以根据自己的喜好来选择。
1) 首先需要安装需要安装 nginx
sudo apt-get install nginx –y
2) 接下来我们来配置nginx，首先打开配置文件，/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ，按照下面的配置进行修改。

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user www-data; #默认以www-data运行工作进程



worker_processes 1; #单工作进程足够了，就我自己访问



worker_connections 256; #一般支持100在线连接就达到raspberry pi的极限了



gzip on;  #gzip开启取消前面的#让默认设置生效即可，可以加快网页访问速度



gzip_disable "msie6";



gzip_vary on;



gzip_proxied any;



gzip_comp_level 6;



gzip_buffers 16 8k;



gzip_http_version 1.1;



gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
3) 配置站点属性
sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-availiable/default
输入，
server {
listen 81; # 访问端口号
#listen [::]:80 default_server; # 一定要注释掉，ipv6
server_name pi.com;
root /var/www/html; #站点存储位置
4) 测试配置文件看有没有问题
sudo nginx -t
如果没有问题会显示
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
5) 创建目录，然后设置权限
sudo mkdir /var/www && sudo mkdir /var/www/html
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html
sudo chmod -R 0755 /var/www/html
6) 下载webui-aria2
sudo git clone https://github.com/ziahamza/webui-aria2.git /var/www/html/
7) 重新启动nginx服务
sudo service nginx restart
到这一步了，现在我们通过http://192.168.1.118:81/webui-aria2/ 来访问，如果提示链接到aria2 RPC server失败，重启aria2c服务，然后刷新网页即可。
6.Aria2定时下载功能
1) 首先创建定时下载脚本，sudo vim /home/pi/.aria2/aria2_auto.py，输入如下内容，

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#!/usr/bin/env python



import urllib2, json, time







WEEKDAY = int(time.strftime('%w'))



HOUR = int(time.strftime('%H'))



jsonreq_pauseAll   = json.dumps({'jsonrpc':'2.0', 'id':'qwer','method':'aria2.pauseAll'})



jsonreq_unpauseAll = json.dumps({'jsonrpc':'2.0', 'id':'qwer','method':'aria2.unpauseAll'})







if WEEKDAY in [1,2,3,4,5]:



  if HOUR == 1:



    urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', jsonreq_unpauseAll)



  if HOUR == 17:



    urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', jsonreq_pauseAll)







if WEEKDAY in [6,0]:



  if HOUR == 2:



    urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', jsonreq_unpauseAll)



  if HOUR == 9:



urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', jsonreq_pauseAll)
上面代码的意思就是周一到周五1:00~17:00，周末两天2:00~9:00，开启全部下载任务，其他时间暂停全部下载任务。然后加入cron实现定时运行
sudo crontab -e
在文件末尾加入
0 * * * * /usr/bin/python2 /home/pi/.aria2/aria2_auto.py
表示每个小时运行一次脚本。
7.BT端口映射
上面BT监听TCP, UDP端口都为65298，需要在路由器里面设置端口映射，服务端口号填65298，IP地址填树莓派内网IP地址192.168.1.118。
8.外网访问webui-aria2
下面会考虑三种典型的网络环境，前提都是路由器WAN是公网IP。
第一种网络环境：
Raspberry Pi的本地网络供应商80, 8080端口没有被封，从外网能正常访问，这个最简单了，修改树莓派nginx站点属性配置，把端口改为80, 然后在路由器上设置端口映射，80端口映射到树莓派上，然后路由器绑定动态域名，这样通过动态域名就可以在外网直接访问Aria2。
第二种网络环境：
Raspberry Pi的本地网络供应商80, 8080端口被封，你所在其他网络能正常访问外网，修改树莓派nginx站点属性配置，把端口改为81（或者其他能访问的端口），同样在路由上设置端口映射，绑定动态域名。
第三种网络环境：
Raspberry Pi的本地网络供应商80, 8080端口被封，公司只开放80, 8080端口。那么如何在公司畅快的远程下载呢？下面介绍我是如何实现的：
1) 首先需要有一台VPS，通过搭建nginx反向代理服务来实现远程下载。
配置nginx
sudo vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf


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user nginx;



worker_processes 1;



#error_log logs/error.log;



#pid logs/nginx.pid;



worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;



events {



    use epoll;



    worker_connections 65535;



}



http {



    include mime.types;



    default_type application/octet-stream;



    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;



    sendfile on;



    keepalive_timeout 65;



    gzip on;



    client_max_body_size 50m;



    client_body_buffer_size 256k;



    client_header_timeout 3m;



    client_body_timeout 3m;



    send_timeout 3m;



    proxy_connect_timeout 300s;



    proxy_read_timeout 300s;



    proxy_send_timeout 300s;



    proxy_buffer_size 64k;



    proxy_buffers 4 32k;



    proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;



    proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;



    proxy_ignore_client_abort on;



}
2) 创建反向代理配置文件
sudo vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/reverser-proxy.conf
输入内容

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server



{



    listen 8080;



    server_name xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx; #VPS IP Address



    location / {



        proxy_redirect off;



        proxy_set_header Host $host;



        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;



        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;



        proxy_pass http://xxxx.oicp.net:6800;  # RPC web address, http://xxxx.oicp.net 为动态域名



    }



}







server



{



    listen 80;



    server_name xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx; #VPS IP Address



    location / {



        proxy_redirect off;



        proxy_set_header Host $host;



        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;



        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;



        proxy_pass http://xxxx.oicp.net:81; #aria2 web gui



    }



}
3) 路由器添加端口映射，81(webgui), 6800(rpc)端口。
4) 通过http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 访问aria2 web gui, aria2采用token验证，通过http://token:secret@ xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080/jsonrpc访问RPC, xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx为VPS IP地址。

这三种情况下都需要动态域名来绑定到路由器IP地址。关于动态域名，如果不清楚的，可以参考我后面的文章 Raspberry Pi从零开始搭建低成本NAS(9)-外网登录树莓派。里面会介绍动态域名，还会介绍不通过动态域名，如何在外网来访问树莓派。

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Foobar2000 组件安装教程

 原作者 博客地址   汉化作者 Asion博客   关于foobar 2000的一些资源 前言 foobar2000 由于其软件架构特点以及开放的姿态，使得第三方很容易开发组件（component）来拓展它的功能。由于在官网下载的默认安装文件只带了少量几个默认的组件，满足不了使用的需求，例如：默认不带 ape，tta，tak 等音频文件格式的解码器，很多无损压缩格式音乐没法播放。所以自己下载安装组件是必备的基本技能。 foobar2000 的中文汉化版（Asion 汉化）为了方便使用，集成了无损压缩文件解码器以及一些其它有用的插件，安装时选上即可，不喜欢折腾的建议使用汉化版。 这里组件指的是 foobar2000 标准组件（*.dll 文件），而非 vst 插件等其它插件，姑且把组件分为两类： 官方组件： 英文版安装包自带，安装时可选择； 第三方组件：非官方自带的组件 除了 foo_input_std.dll 和 foo_ui_std.dll 这两个组件是必须的外，其它的所有组件都 非必需 的，可以随需要增删。第三方组件可以去 官网 、 官方论坛 或者 官方 wiki 去找，也可以去贴吧等地逛逛。 下载 还是要强调一下，这里说的是 foobar2000 component ，不是中文网上通常说的 vst 插件。 下载好的组件包一般是 xxx.zip 或 xxx.fb2k-component 格式的文件，也有用 7z 打包的。前两种都是 zip 压缩（只要把 fb2k-component 改成 zip 文件就变成了 zip： 包）。标准状况下压缩包里的内容结构应该是 xxx.zip yyy.dll README.txt (可能没有) LICENCE.txt (可能没有) (其它杂七杂八） 除少数外一般只有一个 xxx.dll 文件.一定要注意压缩包结构不能是: xxx.zip yy folder (文件夹） zzz.dll … 否则要解压缩，提取那个 dll 文件。 安装 方法一（推荐） 打开 foobar2000 的菜单 文件 > 首选项(file >preferences) 的 组件(components...
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巴菲特致股东信-1976年

 笔记： 为什么选择轻资产行业：当竞争疯狂时，不会强迫加入降价大战 最终选择了费雪的思想，选择能理解的优秀企业，以合理的价格买入并长期拥有 翻译： 雪球：https://xueqiu.com/6217262310/131440258 备份：https://archive.ph/XLK0S 原文： To the Stockholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc, After two dismal years, operating results in 1976 improved significantly. Last year we said the degree of progress in insurance underwriting would determine whether our gain in earnings would be "moderate" or "major." As it turned out, earnings exceeded even the high end of our expectations. In large part, this was due to the outstanding efforts of Phil Liesche's managerial group at National Indemnity Company. In dollar terms, operating earnings came to $16,073,000, or $16.47 per share. While this is a record figure, we consider return on shareholders' equity to be a much more significant yardstick of economic performance. Here our result was 17.3%, moderately above our long-term average and even further above the average o...
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《Becoming Steve Jobs》Chapter 11 Do Your Level Best

As a mass-market consumer electronics device, the iPod would eventually be sold, of course, all the usual places: Best Buy, Circuit City, big-box department stores, and even the computer retailers like CompUSA. Steve disdained all these outlets. His obsession with his products continued well after they’d been manufactured. The tacky, low-margin hustle of these chains ran completely against the minimalist aesthetic of his products and the clean exuberance of his marketing. There was only one place where he really enjoyed seeing his products sold to the public: his own Apple stores, which had debuted four months ahead of the iPod. 觉得那些喧嚣、嘈杂的零售渠道，配不上自己极美的产品 Going back as far as the debut of the Mac, Steve had always groused about the way Apple computers were sold in its resellers’ stores. The way his computers were displayed and sold represented the very worst of what could go wrong when things weren’t done his way. The salespeople, always interested in quick turnover, seemed to make litt...
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产品随想 | 陪读《Make Something Wonderful：Steve Jobs in his own words》1976-1996

  There’s lots of ways to be, as a person. And some people express their deep appreciation in different ways. But one of the ways that I believe people express their appreciation to the rest of humanity is to make something wonderful and put it out there. And you never meet the people. You never shake their hands. You never hear their story or tell yours. But somehow, in the act of making something with a great deal of care and love, something’s transmitted there. And it’s a way of expressing to the rest of our species our deep appreciation. So we need to be true to who we are and remember what’s really important to us. ──Steve, 2007 Introduction by Laurene Powell Jobs Much of what’s in these pages reflects guiding themes of Steve’s life: his sense of the worlds that would emerge from marrying the arts and technology; his unbelievable rigor, which he imposed first and most strenuously on himself; his tenacity in pursuit of assembling and leading great teams; and perhaps, above all,...
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《Becoming Steve Jobs》Chapter 16 Blind Spots, Grudges, and Sharp Elbows

Steve could be pretty thin-skinned when someone prominent criticized the aesthetics of his products. He took great umbrage that Neil would, as Steve put it, “pop off in public like that without coming to talk to us about his technical concerns first.” From that point on he had rebuffed all of Neil’s attempts to smoke the peace pipe. 有趣 He had blind spots, grating behavioral habits, and a tendency to give in to emotional impulse that persisted his entire life. These characteristics are often used to make the case that Steve was an “asshole” or a “jerk,” or perhaps simply “binary”—that odd adjective often used to convey the sense that he was half asshole/half genius from birth to death. These aren’t useful, interesting, or enlightening descriptions. What’s more illuminating is to take a look at the specific ways in which Steve failed to do an effective job of tempering some of his weaknesses and antisocial traits, and to consider how, when, and why some of them continued to flare up even...
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