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Raspberry Pi从零开始搭建低成本NAS(7)-Aria2远程下载

原文地址是：http://www.mkitby.com/2016/01/15/raspberry-pi-nas-remote-download-aria2/
对作者表示感谢，作者关于NAS的系列文章写的都很棒，可以一看

远程下载内容比较多，所以分为两篇文章，先介绍Aria2，再介绍迅雷。
Aria2是一个轻量级命令行下载工具，支持HTTP/HTTPS, FTP, SFTP, BitTorrent and Metalink下载，但是不支持ed2k，支持JSON-RPC和XML-RPC调用，可以远程控制。
1.先安装aria2
sudo apt-get install aria2 –y
2.创建 aria2 配置文件 “/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf” 和 “/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session” 这个文件 (我是以 pi 账户启动 aria2 的),
mkdir /home/pi/.aria2
touch /home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session
vim /home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf
配置文件内容如下。

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# 基本配置



# 下载目录



dir=/home/pi/nas-data/Inbox



# 下载从这个文件中找到的urls, 需自己建立这个文件



# touch /home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session



input-file=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session



# 最大同时下载任务数，默认 5



#max-concurrent-downloads=5



# 断点续传，只适用于 HTTP(S)/FTP



continue=true







# HTTP/FTP 配置



# 关闭连接如果下载速度等于或低于这个值，默认 0



#lowest-speed-limit=0



# 对于每个下载在同一个服务器上的连接数，默认 1



max-connection-per-server=5



# 每个文件最小分片大小，例如文件 20M，设置 size 为 10M, 则用2个连接下载，默认 20M



#min-split-size=10M



# 下载一个文件的连接数，默认 5



#split=5







# BT 特殊配置



# 启用本地节点查找，默认 false



bt-enable-lpd=true



# 指定最大文件数对于每个 bt 下载，默认 100



#bt-max-open-files=100



# 单种子最大连接数，默认 55



#bt-max-peers=55



# 设置最低的加密级别，可选全连接加密 arc4，默认是头加密 plain



#bt-min-crypto-level=plain



# 总是使用 obfuscation handshake，防迅雷必备，默认 false



bt-require-crypto=true



# 如果下载的是种子文件则自动解析并下载，默认 true



#follow-torrent=true



# 为 BT 下载设置 TCP 端口号，确保开放这些端口，默认 6881-6999



listen-port=65298



#Set UDP listening port used by DHT(IPv4, IPv6) and UDP tracker



dht-listen-port=65298



# 整体上传速度限制，0 表示不限制，默认 0



#max-overall-upload-limit=0



# 每个下载上传速度限制，默认 0



#max-upload-limit=0



# 种子分享率大于1, 则停止做种，默认 1.0



#seed-ratio=1



# 做种时间大于2小时，则停止做种



seed-time=120







# RPC 配置



# 开启 JSON-RPC/XML-RPC 服务，默认 false



enable-rpc=true



# 允许所有来源，web 界面跨域权限需要，默认 false



rpc-allow-origin-all=true



# 允许外部访问，默认 false



rpc-listen-all=true



# rpc 端口，默认 6800



rpc-listen-port=6800



# 设置最大的 JSON-RPC/XML-RPC 请求大小，默认 2M



#rpc-max-request-size=2M



# rpc 密码，可不设置



#rpc-passwd=raspberry



# rpc 用户名，可不设置



#rpc-user=aria2pi







# 高级配置



# This is useful if you have to use broken DNS and



# want to avoid terribly slow AAAA record lookup.



# 默认 false



disable-ipv6=true



# 指定文件分配方法，预分配能有效降低文件碎片，提高磁盘性能，缺点是预分配时间稍长



# 如果使用新的文件系统，例如 ext4 (with extents support), btrfs, xfs or NTFS(MinGW build only), falloc 是最好的选择



# 如果设置为 none，那么不预先分配文件空间，默认 prealloc



file-allocation=falloc



# 整体下载速度限制，默认 0



#max-overall-download-limit=0



# 每个下载下载速度限制，默认 0



#max-download-limit=0



# 保存错误或者未完成的下载到这个文件



# 和基本配置中的 input-file 一起使用，那么重启后仍可继续下载



save-session=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.session



# 每5分钟自动保存错误或未完成的下载，如果为 0, 只有 aria2 正常退出才回保存，默认 0



save-session-interval=300







# 若要用于 PT 下载，需另外的配置，这里没写
RPC调用加入验证（外网调用最好加上验证），可以采用下面两种方式：
1) 使用token验证（建议使用，需要1.18.4以上版本，帐号密码方式将在后续版本中停用！）
# token验证
rpc-secret=secret
在YAAW中使用 http://token:secret@hostname:port/jsonrpc 的地址格式设置secret.
2 )如果需要使用密码验证（需要1.15.2以上，1.18.6以下版本）
#用户名
rpc-user=username
#密码
rpc-passwd=passwd
在YAAW中使用 http://username:passwd@hostname:port/jsonrpc 的地址格式设置密码.
3.运行 aria2, 测试配置是否有错误，如果没有提示任何错误信息，那就按Ctrl+C停止。
aria2c --conf-path=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf
4.为 aria2 添加自启动服务
1) 新建 sudo vim /etc/init.d/aria2c 文件，输入以下内容

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#! /bin/sh



# /etc/init.d/aria2c







### BEGIN INIT INFO



# Provides: aria2c



# Required-Start:    $network $local_fs $remote_fs



# Required-Stop:     $network $local_fs $remote_fs



# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5



# Default-Stop:      0 1 6



# Short-Description: aria2c RPC init script.



# Description: Starts and stops aria2 RPC services.



### END INIT INFO







#VAR



RUN="/usr/bin/aria2c"



ARIA_PID=$(ps ux | awk '/aria2c --daemon=true --enable-rpc/ && !/awk/ {print $2}')







# Carry out specific functions when asked to by the system



case "$1" in



  start)



    echo "Starting script aria2c "



    if [ -z "$ARIA_PID" ]; then



      $RUN --daemon=true --enable-rpc=true -D --conf-path=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf



      echo "Started"



    else



      echo "aria2c already started"



    fi



    ;;



  stop)



    echo "Stopping script aria2c"



    if [ ! -z "$ARIA_PID" ]; then



      kill $ARIA_PID



    fi



    echo "OK"



    ;;



  restart)



    echo "Restarting script aria2c"



    if [ ! -z "$ARIA_PID" ]; then



      kill $ARIA_PID



    fi



    sleep 3   # TODO:Maybe need to be adjust



    $RUN --daemon=true --enable-rpc=true -D --conf-path=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf



    echo "OK"



    ;;



  status)



    if [ ! -z "$ARIA_PID" ]; then



      echo "The aria2c is running with PID = "$ARIA_PID



    else



      echo "No process found for aria2c RPC"



    fi



    ;;



  *)



    echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/aria2c {start|stop|restart|status}"



    exit 1



    ;;



esac



exit 0
2) 添加可执行权限
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/aria2c
3) 然后更新rc，添加自启动服务
sudo update-rc.d aria2c defaults
4) 最后重启aria2c服务
sudo service aria2c restart
5.安装web 前端yaaw或者webui-aria2来实现web管理
yaaw 和 webui-aria2 都是不错的，yaaw 界面简洁，wubui-aria2 功能强大，可以根据自己的喜好来选择。
1) 首先需要安装需要安装 nginx
sudo apt-get install nginx –y
2) 接下来我们来配置nginx，首先打开配置文件，/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ，按照下面的配置进行修改。

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user www-data; #默认以www-data运行工作进程



worker_processes 1; #单工作进程足够了，就我自己访问



worker_connections 256; #一般支持100在线连接就达到raspberry pi的极限了



gzip on;  #gzip开启取消前面的#让默认设置生效即可，可以加快网页访问速度



gzip_disable "msie6";



gzip_vary on;



gzip_proxied any;



gzip_comp_level 6;



gzip_buffers 16 8k;



gzip_http_version 1.1;



gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
3) 配置站点属性
sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-availiable/default
输入，
server {
listen 81; # 访问端口号
#listen [::]:80 default_server; # 一定要注释掉，ipv6
server_name pi.com;
root /var/www/html; #站点存储位置
4) 测试配置文件看有没有问题
sudo nginx -t
如果没有问题会显示
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
5) 创建目录，然后设置权限
sudo mkdir /var/www && sudo mkdir /var/www/html
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html
sudo chmod -R 0755 /var/www/html
6) 下载webui-aria2
sudo git clone https://github.com/ziahamza/webui-aria2.git /var/www/html/
7) 重新启动nginx服务
sudo service nginx restart
到这一步了，现在我们通过http://192.168.1.118:81/webui-aria2/ 来访问，如果提示链接到aria2 RPC server失败，重启aria2c服务，然后刷新网页即可。
6.Aria2定时下载功能
1) 首先创建定时下载脚本，sudo vim /home/pi/.aria2/aria2_auto.py，输入如下内容，

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#!/usr/bin/env python



import urllib2, json, time







WEEKDAY = int(time.strftime('%w'))



HOUR = int(time.strftime('%H'))



jsonreq_pauseAll   = json.dumps({'jsonrpc':'2.0', 'id':'qwer','method':'aria2.pauseAll'})



jsonreq_unpauseAll = json.dumps({'jsonrpc':'2.0', 'id':'qwer','method':'aria2.unpauseAll'})







if WEEKDAY in [1,2,3,4,5]:



  if HOUR == 1:



    urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', jsonreq_unpauseAll)



  if HOUR == 17:



    urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', jsonreq_pauseAll)







if WEEKDAY in [6,0]:



  if HOUR == 2:



    urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', jsonreq_unpauseAll)



  if HOUR == 9:



urllib2.urlopen('http://localhost:6800/jsonrpc', jsonreq_pauseAll)
上面代码的意思就是周一到周五1:00~17:00，周末两天2:00~9:00，开启全部下载任务，其他时间暂停全部下载任务。然后加入cron实现定时运行
sudo crontab -e
在文件末尾加入
0 * * * * /usr/bin/python2 /home/pi/.aria2/aria2_auto.py
表示每个小时运行一次脚本。
7.BT端口映射
上面BT监听TCP, UDP端口都为65298，需要在路由器里面设置端口映射，服务端口号填65298，IP地址填树莓派内网IP地址192.168.1.118。
8.外网访问webui-aria2
下面会考虑三种典型的网络环境，前提都是路由器WAN是公网IP。
第一种网络环境：
Raspberry Pi的本地网络供应商80, 8080端口没有被封，从外网能正常访问，这个最简单了，修改树莓派nginx站点属性配置，把端口改为80, 然后在路由器上设置端口映射，80端口映射到树莓派上，然后路由器绑定动态域名，这样通过动态域名就可以在外网直接访问Aria2。
第二种网络环境：
Raspberry Pi的本地网络供应商80, 8080端口被封，你所在其他网络能正常访问外网，修改树莓派nginx站点属性配置，把端口改为81（或者其他能访问的端口），同样在路由上设置端口映射，绑定动态域名。
第三种网络环境：
Raspberry Pi的本地网络供应商80, 8080端口被封，公司只开放80, 8080端口。那么如何在公司畅快的远程下载呢？下面介绍我是如何实现的：
1) 首先需要有一台VPS，通过搭建nginx反向代理服务来实现远程下载。
配置nginx
sudo vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf


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user nginx;



worker_processes 1;



#error_log logs/error.log;



#pid logs/nginx.pid;



worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;



events {



    use epoll;



    worker_connections 65535;



}



http {



    include mime.types;



    default_type application/octet-stream;



    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;



    sendfile on;



    keepalive_timeout 65;



    gzip on;



    client_max_body_size 50m;



    client_body_buffer_size 256k;



    client_header_timeout 3m;



    client_body_timeout 3m;



    send_timeout 3m;



    proxy_connect_timeout 300s;



    proxy_read_timeout 300s;



    proxy_send_timeout 300s;



    proxy_buffer_size 64k;



    proxy_buffers 4 32k;



    proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;



    proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;



    proxy_ignore_client_abort on;



}
2) 创建反向代理配置文件
sudo vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/reverser-proxy.conf
输入内容

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server



{



    listen 8080;



    server_name xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx; #VPS IP Address



    location / {



        proxy_redirect off;



        proxy_set_header Host $host;



        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;



        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;



        proxy_pass http://xxxx.oicp.net:6800;  # RPC web address, http://xxxx.oicp.net 为动态域名



    }



}







server



{



    listen 80;



    server_name xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx; #VPS IP Address



    location / {



        proxy_redirect off;



        proxy_set_header Host $host;



        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;



        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;



        proxy_pass http://xxxx.oicp.net:81; #aria2 web gui



    }



}
3) 路由器添加端口映射，81(webgui), 6800(rpc)端口。
4) 通过http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 访问aria2 web gui, aria2采用token验证，通过http://token:secret@ xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8080/jsonrpc访问RPC, xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx为VPS IP地址。

这三种情况下都需要动态域名来绑定到路由器IP地址。关于动态域名，如果不清楚的，可以参考我后面的文章 Raspberry Pi从零开始搭建低成本NAS(9)-外网登录树莓派。里面会介绍动态域名，还会介绍不通过动态域名，如何在外网来访问树莓派。

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ISSUU使用指南--木喵

作者： 木喵   出处： Wonderworks 问：issuu是什么？ 答：Issuu是国外的一个在线文档共享网站，它是你的PDF文档发布专家。它类似于我们熟悉的youtube，但它共享的是文档、杂志之类的文本。 简而言之、同志们想看国外的各种杂志？ 想找国外的汇报文本么？ 想借鉴国外学生的作品集么？ 那么你就要用到它啦~ 今天主要和大家讲两个方面 一、如何在pc端使用和下载issuu上的pdf文档 首先我们打开issuu的网址 https://issuu.com/ 我们可以很清楚的看到网页上呢都是国外的杂志以及一些作者自己制作的pdf文档 首先我们点击右上角的 sign up  然后填写相关信息注册一个账户： 注册完成之后我们就可以搜索我们想要找的资料： 比如说，我想找一些分析图的资料，我们就搜索： architecture diagram 然后我们就可以看到相关的文档了： 点击你所选择的文档， 好了问题来了： sorry，this publication is not available 这个时候！就需要在用pc端的我们做一件必不可少的事： 翻墙 然后我们就能将页面刷新粗来了 好、接下来是非常有建设性意义的一步 怎样把我们网页上的文件 下载下来 呢？ 截图？ no~no~no~ 接下来，让木喵告诉你怎么下载： 首先你需要复制上面的网址 然后将 https://wenfan.hk/issuu/index_link.php 在另一个网址中打开 将你之前复制的pdf的网址粘贴在下面的对话框中 点击 I‘m not a robot 再点击 get it 然后会出现一堆网址代码 我们 全选 打开你的迅雷点击 新建 将你之前的复制粘贴到下载链接里 然后呢~我们就全都下载成功啦~ 然后我们回到之前的网页向下看 我们可以看到有上传文档的作者（记得要关注哟） 然后还有 info   share   stack   ❤ 如果...
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可能比较危险的

全网监控公司： 1）中国厦门的美亚柏科 2）KIS（Knowlesys Intelligence System） 3）除中美之外的第三大AI监控技术供应商是：日本的NEC Corporation 中国的VPN公司： 1）VyprVPN、玲珑加速器 Point： 1）被GFW屏蔽的IP，反向也会无法访问大陆网络
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《Becoming Steve Jobs》Chapter 14 A Safe Haven for Pixar

Iger had big news to share: The following day, March 13, Disney would announce that he would become the next CEO of Disney, replacing Michael Eisner. Eisner had been CEO since 1984, and had followed a great first decade with a second one that can only be described as mediocre and turbulent. By the end, he had disappointed shareholders and alienated just about every stakeholder who had a vested interest in the company. One of those was Pixar’s CEO, who disliked Eisner so much that he had publicly announced that the company would find a new distributor once its existing contract with Disney ended in 2006. “Steve,” said Iger, “before you read it in the paper tomorrow, I’m calling to let you know I’m going to be named the next CEO of the company. I don’t fully know what that’s going to mean in terms of Disney and Pixar, but I’m calling to tell you I’d like to figure out a way to keep this relationship alive.” There was a long pause on the other end of the line. Iger had pondered this call ...
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Steve Jobs introduced the iPhone on January 9, 2007.

This is a day I’ve been looking forward to for two and a half years. Link Every once in a while, a revolutionary product comes along that changes everything. And Apple has been— well, first of all, one’s very fortunate if you get to work on just one of these in your career. Apple’s been very fortunate. It’s been able to introduce a few of these into the world. In 1984, we introduced the Macintosh. It didn’t just change Apple, it changed the whole computer industry. In 2001, we introduced the first iPod, and it didn’t just change the way we all listen to music, it changed the entire music industry. Well, today, we’re introducing three revolutionary products of this class. The first one is a widescreen iPod with touch controls. The second is a revolutionary mobile phone. And the third is a breakthrough internet communications device. So, three things: a widescreen iPod with touch controls; a revolutionary mobile phone; and a breakthrough internet communicat...
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《Becoming Steve Jobs》Chapter 15 The Whole Widget

What the world did see was an effective and visionary leader at the height of his powers. These were complicated years for Apple, but Steve handled almost every challenge in exactly the manner he wanted. He had fallen into leadership at such a young age, but he was comfortable in that role now, and justifiably sure of his capacity to guide Apple’s tens of thousands of employees to the goals he set for them. During these years, he would ensure the company’s continued success in personal computers by engineering a deft switch to a new kind of microprocessor; ruthlessly and successfully managing some major transitions in his executive team; and optimizing and building upon the efficiency and ambition of the company’s product development “treadmill,” as Tim Cook describes it. This is also when he delivered what is likely to be remembered as the most notable product of his life, the iPhone, and then improved even that by pivoting once again into a strategy he personally had not wanted to pu...
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Interview at the All Things Digital D5 Conference, Steve and Bill Gates spoke with journalists Kara Swisher and Walt Mossberg onstage in May 2007.

Kara Swisher: The first question I was interested in asking is what you think each has contributed to the computer and technology industry— starting with you, Steve, for Bill, and vice versa. Steve Jobs: Well, Bill built the first software company in the industry. And I think he built the first software company before anybody really in our industry knew what a software company was, except for these guys. And that was huge. That was really huge. And the business model that they ended up pursuing turned out to be the one that worked really well for the industry. I think the biggest thing was, Bill was really focused on software before almost anybody else had a clue that it was really the software that— KS: Was important? SJ: That’s what I see. I mean, a lot of other things you could say, but that’s the high-order bit. And I think building a company’s really hard, and it requires your greatest persuasive abilities to hire the best ...
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《Becoming Steve Jobs》Chapter 17 “Just Tell Them I’m Being an Asshole”

For several months, I had been working to set up a joint interview of Steve, Andy Grove, Bill Gates, and Michael Dell. The confab was supposed to kick off the reporting for a book I had in mind. I had what I thought was a snappy title—Founders Keepers—and a plan to describe how a handful of geeky entrepreneurs had evolved into captains of industry; how self-absorbed inventors morphed into self-taught empire builders; how shaggy-haired idealists managed to stay in the saddle even as the companies they created grew rapidly by orders of magnitude, and as their own wealth and influence over the world itself became far more than the stuff of dreams. 好可惜啊，这次采访没有成形 During this time, Steve came to visit me in the hospital a couple of times. I was so addled with sedatives and painkillers and my own delirious hallucinations that during one visit I expressed my sincerest regrets at not being able to play saxophone in a Beatles retrospective show he was planning to put on in Las Vegas with Ringo S...
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