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张忠谋-创始人肖像计划-Ep.6


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  • 于是去了Sylvania的半导体部门上班 —— 红杉创始人Don Valentine的第一份工作也在这家公司。
    ——张忠谋原来和红杉的创始人，是同一辈人

  • 幸好，我回来时虽然继续做以前的研发工作，但3个月不到，他就要我做他业务单位的总经理，这可说是我事业生命中最重要的一次升迁，管理的部门有3,000人，其中2,500至2,600人是作业员。
    ——TI工作3年，+2.5年的Stanford，回来3个月就是总经理，也太幸运了......

  • 1964年，很多产品都是美国制，没有东南亚跟中国制造，都在德州做，2,500～2,600位作业员包含研发、产品、工程师，还有新产品开发建议和业务单位，当时虽然销售不归我们直接管，是公用的，但这里所有产品业务都要联席建议和定价，其实是麻雀虽小、五脏俱全的单位，也是训练总经理的好机会。
    ——也相当于小公司，可以磨练人

  • 最重要的是我有技术背景，也有多年产品研发经验，最大的缺洞是Sales & Marketing（业务与市场行销），几十年后我发现，这是对的途径。
    我到台湾后就发现，许多科技公司都轻视Sales & Marketing，以为技术最重要，但没有业务员、你根本没生意，不会获利，根本活不了。

  • 我只做一年就升迁，后来公司调升我做高一级的总经理，一年后又调去另一部门做总经理，到1972年时，我已是TI半导体部门总经理。

  • 半导体的商业模式是重资本、中周期，强调学习曲线，前期出货的良品率低，单元成本高，所以相同工艺下量大者可以赢家通吃。所以张忠谋在市场占有率高的前提下，反常规提前降价，可以拉高竞争障碍，让竞争者因学习曲线望而生畏，达到一剑封喉的目的。

  • 有没有可能打造一家纯制造商，通过优秀的服务和养出fab-less的生态，成为整个行业出货量最大的制造商，从而彻彻底底的赢家通吃，一统江湖呢？
    通过巨头之间彼此的矛盾，找到生态位中的那个破局点，明修栈道、暗度陈仓，让全天下即使看着自己的阳谋也无可奈何，二十年之功即可成就千秋基业啊。
    ——利用巨头间的不信任

  • 大策略、小策略都要靠领导人的洞见，洞见则来自于不断地想未来、规划未来。

  • “踏出校门许久，还在谈论自己出身某某名校的人，说明他生命的颠峰，就只是考上了一所好学校，以后都在走下坡路。”

  • 他认为一个好的人才，最重要的是要具备正确的价值观。特别是想在各行各业头角峥嵘、立志成为领导人的年轻人，更要创建良好的价值体系。
    所谓价值观，指的是诚信（Integrity），让人家愿意信任你，这是一个从未因时代变动而改变的永恒价值。

  • 有系统指的是，只要是能帮助我了解金融危机的所有的东西，我都拿来看，就包括《华尔街日报》、《国际先锋论坛报》，还有《经济学人》、《BusinessWeek》、《Fortune》。尽可能掌握和了解与金融危机相关的知识与影响，了解它为何发生、它如何引爆经济的不景气。

  • 他的英文很不错，可是绝对不像后来那么好，把他的英文他的阅读从B+到A+是在印度的两年。派到印度去，其实假如没有什么暴动、没有什么叛乱了，军官是没有什么事情的，他就两年时间。只有第二件事情，我待会讲，可是这两年绝大部分的时间它都是炎炎的太阳，都是在闷在军宿舍里头没事做，他就看古典的经典的书。
    ——原来丘吉尔的英文，也是2年阅读训练出来的

  • 一本是《罗马帝国的衰败及灭亡》（the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire）。非常厚的好几本书。而且是文本是写的非常好的，Edward Gibbon英国人写的，还有莫克林也是历史，这两个都是巨著，他都看完了。
    除此以外他也看了很多连Adam Smith就是《国富论》（Wealth of Nations），他也看了，所以这两年当中看了很多书

  • 我是一直对丘吉尔是非常有兴趣，而且我觉得他是20世纪头半世纪，1900~1950半个世纪的，恐怕是历史上全世界恐怕是最值得佩服的一个人。
    ——张忠谋对丘吉尔评价这么高

  • 而诚信我是觉得东方跟西方的定义虽然是一样，不说谎话、做到承诺，可是有一点大不同。西方的诚信是对所有的人，而东方人诚信往往只是对一小圈的。我现在讲的诚信是西方的诚信，是对所有人，你只要是以一个公司来说，你这个不说谎话，做到承诺是应该是对你领导的所有人，你领导的所有人，当然是你的公司的员工，但是不要忘记了，也是你的公司的股东，那些股东是绝大部分你都不认识的，但是你也必须要对他们诚信，这是西方的诚信观念。
    ——深以为然

  • 我是把几个很基本的价值观是刚刚已经列出来了，大我、（对所有人的）诚信、守法、热情；价值观只是一个开始，这个领导要有他的技能，他的 skill set。

  • 很广泛的基本知识。很广泛的基本知识，比方说也要看你的领域，你是预备做政治的领导人吗？你是预备做，你假如预备做政治领导人，我倒觉得是像丘吉尔一样，历史、地理、文本。
    你想要做这个企业的领导人吗？我是觉得就应该企业的动态，是你的基本知识。一个企业是怎么怎么构成，一个企业怎么成功，这是你的基本知识。

  • 终身学习习惯其实应该是有计划、有系统、有纪律的终身学习。这个是可以讲一个钟头，我过去也常常讲一个钟头讲终身学习，是终身学习的办法是应该是有计划、有纪律、有系统，可是我今天没时间了，可是你要养成一个这种的终身学习的习惯，你终身都是受用。

  • 所以一个一流大学培养领导人的大学，必须要100%的人住宿舍。
    而且宿舍是要稍微像样一点，稍微像样。（全场大笑）
    ——很有意思

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