跳至主要内容

巴菲特致股东信-1957年

编者笔记:

  • 长期而言,巴菲特将满意于获得高于市场水平10%左右的回报率
  • 巴菲特预计:在熊市的表现会比在牛市要好,在牛市的情况下,我将会满足于取得一个相当于市场平均水平的回报率。

原文:

1957 年证券市场的综合分析

在去年的信中,我写到“我认为目前市场的价格水平超越了其固有的价值 ,这种情况主要反映在蓝筹股上。如果这种观点正确,则意味着市场将来会有所下跌 ——价格水平届时将被低估。虽然如此,我亦同时认为目前市场的价格水平仍然会低于从现在算起五年之后的水平。 即便一个完整的熊市也不见得会对市场价值的固有水平造成伤害 。”

“如果市场的价格水平被低估 ,我们的投资头寸将会增加,甚至不排除使用财务杠杆 。反之我们的头寸将会减少,因为价格的上涨将实现利润,同时增加我们投资组合的绝对量 。”

“所有上述的言论并不意味着对于市场的分析是我的首要工作 ,我的主要动机是为了让自己 能够随时发现那些可能存在的,被低估的股票 。”

去年,股票的价格水平稍有下降。我之所以强调 “稍有下降”,是因为那些在近期才对股票 有感觉的人会认为股票的价格下降的很厉害 。事实上我认为,相对股票价格的下降,上市公 司的盈利水平下降的程度更快一些。换句话说,目前投资者仍然对于大盘蓝筹股过于乐观 。 我并没有想要预测未来市场走势或者是上市公司的盈利水平的意思 ,只是想要在此说明市场 并未出现所谓的大幅下降 ,同时投资价值也仍然未被低估 。我仍然坚持认为 ,从长期的投资 眼光来看,目前的市场仍显昂贵。

我们在 1957 的主要活动

市场的下跌带来了更大的投资机会 ,因此我们的头寸(包括 WORK-OUT 的部分)也相应有 所增加。所谓 WORK-OUT 的部分,是指我们对于公司出售 、合并、清算等活动所进行的投 资。这种投资的风险在于预期的上述活动可能最终没有完成。在 1956 年年末,我们的一半 投资和 WORK-OUT 的比例约为 70/30,目前则为 85/15

去年我们面临投资量达到可能会需要在一定程度上参与公司决策的情况 ,其中之一我们达到 了 10-20%的水平,另外一个我们则拥有 5%的股份(注:估计上述提到的公司是非上市公司 )。

因此这一部分投资将不太会受到市场下跌的影响 ,相信经过三到五年的努力 ,这一部分投资 将会在风险很小的情况下获得良好的回报 。当然,如果市场快速上涨 ,我们也无法从中获益 。

1957 年的结果

1957 年,于 1956 年成立的三个合伙企业的表现超越了市场。年初道琼斯指数为 499 点, 年底则为 435 点,下跌 65 点。考虑股利分红的因素,实际市场下跌了约 42 点或 8.4%。大 部分投资基金的表现并不比市场要好 ,实际上据我所知 ,今年没有任何投资基金获得正收益 。 而我们三个合伙企业在今年分别获得了 6.2%7.8%25%的净资产增长。当然这样的数字 显然会引起一起疑问,尤其对于前两个合伙企业的投资人而言更是如此 。这种情况的出现纯

粹是运气使然。获得最高收益的企业成立的时间最晚 ,正好赶上市场下跌,同时部分股票出 现了较为吸引人的价格。而前两个公司的投资头寸已经较高,因而无法获得这样的好处。

基本上,三个企业的投资标的和投资比例都是大致相同的 。长期而言我将会满意于获得高于 市场水平 10%左右的回报率。对于 1956 年而言,这三个企业都已经超出了这个标准。

对于在 1957 年成立的另外两个合伙企业在 57 年的表现基本跟市场的平均水平差不多 。相信 随着时间的推移,这两个企业的投资绩效也会类似于之前的三个企业。

对于结果的解释

在某种程度上我们之所以可以取得超越市场的表现恰恰是因为今年市场上大部分股票的表 现不好。我预计我们将来在熊市的表现会比在牛市的表现要好 。如果在牛市的情况下,我将 会满足于取得一个相当于市场平均水平的回报率。

1958 2 月 

Popular posts from 产品随想的博客

产品随想 | 周刊 第130期:集结信徒,而非官僚

On Dyson, techno-centric design and social consumption   https://2earth.github.io/website/20250707.html 如何創造偉大的事物   https://ryolu.notion.site/1610a94b9c108079a95be4362afd4a26 集結信徒,而非官僚 Reflections on OpenAI   https://calv.info/openai-reflections 创业架构 Shui   https://github.com/rock-zhang/Shui 好好喝水 https://www.ghibli.jp/works/ 吉卜力作品的高清图 From Skeuomorphic to Liquid Glass: Apple's Strategic Bet on the Post-Touch Future   https://omc345.substack.com/p/from-skeuomorphic-to-liquid-glass 迄今为止关于苹果Liquid Glass变革的解读,最好的一篇 The Nueva School   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nueva_School?useskin=vector 看起来是很酷的一个学校 The Barbican   https://arslan.io/2025/05/12/barbican-estate/ 史蒂夫·乔布斯希望你阅读的 9 本书   https://www.douban.com/doulist/147158849/ 《禅者的初心》里有句话:“做任何事,其实都是在展示内心的天性,这是我们存在的唯一理由。” Chuck Feeney was one of the greatest philanthropists ever   https://www.gatesnotes.com/Remembering-Chuck-Feeney 慈善家 My new deadline: 20 years to give away virtually all my wealt...

《Becoming Steve Jobs》Chapter 16 Blind Spots, Grudges, and Sharp Elbows

Steve could be pretty thin-skinned when someone prominent criticized the aesthetics of his products. He took great umbrage that Neil would, as Steve put it, “pop off in public like that without coming to talk to us about his technical concerns first.” From that point on he had rebuffed all of Neil’s attempts to smoke the peace pipe. 有趣 He had blind spots, grating behavioral habits, and a tendency to give in to emotional impulse that persisted his entire life. These characteristics are often used to make the case that Steve was an “asshole” or a “jerk,” or perhaps simply “binary”—that odd adjective often used to convey the sense that he was half asshole/half genius from birth to death. These aren’t useful, interesting, or enlightening descriptions. What’s more illuminating is to take a look at the specific ways in which Steve failed to do an effective job of tempering some of his weaknesses and antisocial traits, and to consider how, when, and why some of them continued to flare up even...

Apple's One-Dollar-a-Year Man, By Steve Jobs, 2000

(FORTUNE Magazine) – Now that Steve Jobs has showed his hand on Apple's Internet and system software strategies and dropped the "interim" from his title, other questions loom. He's always denied it, but isn't it true that his old company, Next, did wind up taking over Apple? Will there ever be an encore to the 15-year-old Macintosh? Short of that, does Apple have any plans to jump into the "Internet appliance" fray? Will Apple ever build computers for business people again? And what, pray tell, does Steve think of all these young Internet zillionaires? Let's ask. Practically every technology that your old company, Next, possessed when Apple acquired it in 1997 is now being used by Apple in some strategic way. This must seem like sweet vindication.  The thing about Next was that we produced something that was truly brilliant for an audience that our heart really wasn't into selling to--namely, the enterprise. I suppose if you were wr...

A Sister’s Eulogy for Steve Jobs

I grew up as an only child, with a single mother. Because we were poor and because I knew my father had emigrated from Syria, I imagined he looked like Omar Sharif. I hoped he would be rich and kind and would come into our lives (and our not yet furnished apartment) and help us. Later, after I’d met my father, I tried to believe he’d changed his number and left no forwarding address because he was an idealistic revolutionary, plotting a new world for the Arab people. Even as a feminist, my whole life I’d been waiting for a man to love, who could love me. For decades, I’d thought that man would be my father. When I was 25, I met that man and he was my brother. By then, I lived in New York, where I was trying to write my first novel. I had a job at a small magazine in an office the size of a closet, with three other aspiring writers. When one day a lawyer called me — me, the middle-class girl from California who hassled the boss to buy us health insurance — and said his cl...

黑客技术论坛推荐

原文来自知乎, 世界各大黑客技术论坛TOP排行榜 ,表示感谢 这份名单基本上囊括了目前世界上各大最佳黑客技术论坛。

巴菲特致股东信-1980年

 笔记: 会计中对于下属股权公司的记账方式有3种: 持股50%以上,全部并入 持续20%--50%,则按持股比例并入 持股20%以下,则以实际收到的利润返还,计入报表 这种会计方式,会导致伯克希尔旗下,不少的企业,未能暴露实际的收益情况 对伯克希尔而言,对盈余的认定并非取决于持股比例是100%,50%,20%,5%或是1%,盈余的真正价值在于其将来再投资所能产生的效益 我们宁愿将所赚的盈余继续交由不受我们控制的人好好发挥,也不希望转由我们自己来浪费 高通货膨胀等于是对投入的资本额外课了一次税 翻译: https://xueqiu.com/6217262310/131837878 https://archive.ph/XMX5n  原文: Buffett’s Letters To Berkshire Shareholders 1980 巴菲特致股东的信 1980 年 Operating earnings improved to $41.9 million in 1980 from $36.0 million in 1979, but return on beginning equity capital (with securities valued at cost) fell to 17.8% from 18.6%. We believe the latter yardstick to be the most appropriate measure of single-year managerial economic performance. Informed use of that yardstick, however, requires an understanding of many factors, including accounting policies, historical ca...

360T7 刷机步骤及固件

https://cmi.hanwckf.top/p/360t7-firmware/   360T7的固件支持由immortalwrt-mt798x项目提供支持,请参考: https://cmi.hanwckf.top/p/immortalwrt-mt798x https://github.com/hanwckf/immortalwrt-mt798x 刷机步骤 参考 此处 的办法开启原厂固件的UART和telnet功能 在以下链接下载360T7测试固件(纯净版,无任何插件) https://wwd.lanzout.com/b0bt9idwd 密码:ezex (此固件已过时,请选择其它更新的固件) 接下来将刷入修改版uboot。修改版uboot的优点有: 固件分区可达108MB,原厂uboot只能使用36M 自带一个简单的webui恢复页面 到以下仓库的Release页面下载uboot,目前暂时仅支持360T7,后续将支持更多mt798x路由器。 推荐使用 mt7981_360t7-fip-fixed-parts.bin , fixed-parts 代表uboot分区表在编译期间固定,不会随着uboot环境变量变化。 https://github.com/hanwckf/bl-mt798x/releases/latest 将 mt7981_360t7-fip-fixed-parts.bin 通过HFS等方式上传到路由器,使用以下命令刷入uboot mtd write mt7981_360t7-fip-fixed-parts.bin fip 确认刷入完毕后,拔掉路由器电源。然后将电脑的IP地址设置为固定的 192.168.1.2 ,接着按住路由器的RESET按钮后通电开机,等待8s后用浏览器进入 192.168.1.1 在uboot恢复页面选择要刷入的固件。immortalwrt-mt798x目前编译两个版本的360T7固件。 建议修改版uboot直接使用 immortalwrt-mediatek-mt7981-mt7981-360-t7-108M-squashfs-factory.bin ,两种固件区别如下: mt7981-360-t7-108M 为108M固件分区,原厂uboot不可启动,需要修改版u...

写给大家看的中文排版指南

作者:Hindy 原文地址: http:// zhuanlan.zhihu.com/uici rcle/20506092 前言:很遗憾,我们的周围充斥着大量排版丑陋的文章。我国的字体排印与日本、美国等设计强国差距实在太大。我希望能够做些力所能及的小事,让更多人意识到“设计”的价值和其必要性,创造更美好的视觉环境。本文旨在帮助普及、提升大家对文字排版的认识,让大家在平时的学习工作中能有更专业的文字排版素养。 必看人群: 设计师、编辑、作家、撰稿人、教师、学生 目录: 1. 中文排版 1.1 引号 1.2 省略号与破折号 1.3 行首行尾禁则 2. 西文排版基础 2.1 西文撰写基础 2.2 西文标点相关 2.3 斜体的用法 2.4 大小写的区别 3. 中西文混排 3.1 基础原则 3.2 标点相关 1. 中文排版 1.1 引号 我国国家标准要求弯引号,个人建议使用直角引号。 示例:你竟然喜欢“苹果表”? 引号中再用引号使用双直角引号。 示例:我问他,“你竟然喜欢‘苹果表’?” 当引号表示讽刺、反语暗示时,使用弯引号(用法参考“西文排版”部分)。 示例:说真的,我也很 “喜欢”“苹果表”哦。 1.2 省略号(删节号)与破折号 省略号占两个汉字空间,包含六个点。 正确示例:中国设计还有太长路要走…… 错误示例:中国设计还有太长路要走… 破折号占两个汉字空间。 示例:中国设计还有太长路要走──加油罢。 1.3 行首行尾禁则 点号(顿号、逗号、句号等)、结束引号、结束括号等,不能出现在一行的开头。 错误示例: 排版时注意某些 符号不能在行首 ,别弄错了。 正确示例: 排版时注意某些 符号不能在行首, 别弄错了。 开始引号、开始括号、开始双书名号等,不能出现在一行的结尾。 错误示例: 她对我们说:“ 这书太赞了。” 正确示例: 她对我们说: “这书太赞了。” 2. 西文排版基础 2.1 西文撰写基础 句首字母大写。 单词间留空格。 示例:Have a question? 2.2 西文标点相关 点号后加一个空格(如逗号、句号等)。 示例:Hello everyone! Welcome to my blog....

巴菲特致股东信-1973年

 笔记: 在上一年度预测的今年竞争加剧导致利润下滑,真的发生了 翻译Link: 雪球:https://xueqiu.com/6217262310/131257618 备份:https://archive.ph/KIfdT 原文: To the Stockholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.: Our financial results for 1973 were satisfactory, with operating earnings of $11,930,592, producing a return of 17.4% on beginning stockholders' equity. Although operating earnings improved from $11.43 to $12.18 per share, earnings on equity decreased from the 19.8% of 1972. This decline occurred because the gain in earnings was not commensurate with the increase in shareholders' investment. We had forecast in last year's report that such a decline was likely. Unfortunately, our forecast proved to be correct. Our textile, banking, and most insurance operations had good years, but certain segments of the insurance business turned in poor results. Overall, our insurance business continues to be a most attractive area in which to employ capital. Management'...

产品随想 | 周刊 第127期:晨光只开一刻钟,但比千年松,并无甚不同

Cherry Studio   https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio Cherry Studio is a desktop client that supports for multiple LLM providers. Support deepseek-r1 Aalto Repository beta   https://repo.aalto.fi/ Images, sounds and videos from Aalto University 这个系列,价值极高 Nokia Design Archive   https://nokiadesignarchive.aalto.fi/ 芬兰这个国家很了不起 对话影石刘靖康:两代未出现划时代的产品,就会沦为平庸的品牌   https://www.geekpark.net/news/308996 还挺喜欢这个创始人的,有一种海盗的内涵 从哈佛、明星创业者到酷家乐副总裁,苏奇的传奇   https://app.modaiyun.com/mdy/article/3FO4K4W0M259 WHO关于猫狗咬伤、抓伤的处理建议 动物咬伤: https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/animal-bites 狂犬病: https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies 关于狂犬病的10个事实: https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/rabies INDIGO 新年直播(2025)   https://www.youtube.com/live/ZIgPvSDGAfY 对2024年AI发展的回顾部分特别好 Artab   https://github.com/get-artab/artab Get Inspired by the World's Greatest Artworks Every Time You Open a New Tab. Extension Available for Chrome, Edge, and...